杀生剂对细菌耐药性影响机制的研究进展

Research Progress on Influence Mechanism of Biocides on Antimicrobial Resistance

杀生剂作为一种新型有机污染物会对细菌施加选择压力,导致细菌杀生剂耐药性的产生,并通过共选择增强细菌的抗生素耐药性。更令人担忧的是,随着2019年新型冠状病毒肺炎的暴发,用于消杀的杀生剂使用量急剧攀升,其对环境中细菌耐药性的发生和传播的影响值得关注。而抗生素耐药性是一个全球性健康问题,抗生素被认为是细菌耐药性产生和传播的主要驱动因素,世界卫生组织于2020年将细菌耐药性列为需要追踪的十大全球健康问题之一。本文总结了近年来国内外杀生剂的使用现状和环境检出率、全球范围内杀生剂耐药菌株分离情况,综述了杀生剂对细菌的作用机制、细菌对杀生剂的耐药机制、杀生剂驱动共同选择的协同抗性和交叉抗性2种机制以及对细菌抗生素耐药性发展的影响,并指出当下研究的不足,对今后的研究进行了展望。

Biocides have been regarded as emerging organic contaminants.Biocides may exert selective pressures on bacteria and may promote the development and spread of biocide and antibiotic resistance determinants through co-selection.With the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,chemical biocides and other disinfectants are used frequently to reduce coronavirus transmission.The usage of biocide products continuously increases along with the worldwide spread of COVID-19.However,the increasing usage of biocides may contribute to the rapid development of the cross-resistance of antibiotics.Antibiotic resistance is a global health problem which had been recognized as one of the top ten global health issues by the World Health Organization in 2021.Antibiotics are the main driving factor for the development and dissemination of antibiotic resistance.The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment due to co-selection needs more attention.This article summarizes the current status of the usage of biocides,the environmental detection rate and isolated strains of biocide-resistant strains on a global scale in recent years.Furthermore,the mechanisms of actions of biocides and bacterial resistance to biocides,the mechanisms of co-resistance and cross-resistance driven by biocides,and their influence on the development of antibiotic resistance are reviewed.Finally,we discussed the gap of the current research in this field,and proposed future research directions.