环境相关浓度的卡马西平对斑马鱼幼鱼抗氧化系统和神经递质系统的影响

Effects of Environment-related Concentrations of Carbamazepine on Antioxidant System and Neurotransmitter System of Juvenile Zebrafish

卡马西平(carbamazepine,CBZ)是一种在临床上常用的抗癫痫药物,由于使用量巨大,且在污水处理厂中去除效率较低,在地表水中广泛被检出,其对非目标水生生物的影响已引起人们的广泛关注。然而目前缺乏有关环境相关浓度下的CBZ对鱼类的慢性毒性效应的研究。因此,以斑马鱼(Danio rerio)幼鱼为研究对象,以1μg·L^(-1)和10μg·L^(-1)2种环境相关浓度为暴露浓度,通过测定斑马鱼幼鱼的体长、体质量、脑组织和肝脏中的抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT))活性和氧化产物(丙二醛(malonic dialdehyde,MDA))浓度、脑组织中神经递质降解酶(乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholinesterase,AChE))活性、神经递质(γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)和谷氨酸(glutamate,Glu))浓度,以评估CBZ对斑马鱼幼鱼的生长发育、抗氧化系统以及神经递质系统的影响。结果表明,1μg·L^(-1) CBZ暴露导致斑马鱼幼鱼脑组织中SOD活性、CAT活性和GABA浓度增加,肝脏中SOD活性降低、CAT活性增加和MDA浓度增加;10μg·L^(-1) CBZ暴露导致斑马鱼幼鱼的体长增加,脑组织中SOD活性增加、AChE活性降低和GABA浓度增加,肝脏中CAT活性和MDA浓度增加。综上,环境相关浓度下CBZ的慢性暴露能够促进斑马鱼幼鱼的生长发育,诱导斑马鱼幼鱼产生氧化应激效应和神经毒性效应。

Carbamazepine(CBZ)is an antiepileptic drug that is widely used in human clinical practice.Due to the high prescription rates and incomplete removal in sewage treatment plants,CBZ has been widely detected in surface water.The adverse effects of CBZ on non-target aquatic organisms have raised global concern.However,chronic effects of CBZ at environmental concentrations on fish are very limited.In this study,juvenile zebrafish(Danio rerio)were exposed to 1μg·L^(-1) and 10μg·L^(-1) CBZ for 28 d.Physiological parameters were evaluated including body length,weight,antioxidant enzymes(i.e.superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT))activity,oxidative production(i.e.malonic dialdehyde(MDA)concentration),neurotransmitter-degrading enzyme(i.e.acetylcholinesterase(AChE))activity,as well as neurotransmitters(i.e.γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)and glutamate(Glu)concentration).Results showed that 10μg·L^(-1) CBZ increased the body length of juvenile zebrafish.The SOD activity in the brain was increased after exposure to 1μg·L^(-1) and 10μg·L^(-1) CBZ,while the CAT activity in the brain was increased in 1μg·L^(-1) group.In the liver of juvenile zebrafish,both 1μg·L^(-1) and 10μg·L^(-1) CBZ increased the CAT activity and MDA concentration.However,the SOD activity was decreased in the liver of juvenile zebrafish following exposure to 1μg·L^(-1) CBZ.Besides,1μg·L^(-1) and 10μg·L^(-1) CBZ increased the GABA concentration in the brain,while 10μg·L^(-1) CBZ decreased the AChE activity in the brain.In summary,chronic exposure to CBZ at environmentally relevant concentrations could promote the growth and development of juvenile zebrafish,inducing oxidative stress and neurotoxic effects.