面向计算思维的可视化编程活动设计与应用

Design and Application of Visual Programming Activities towards Computational Thinking

计算思维是21世纪公民应具备的重要素养,而可视化编程活动有助于发展中小学生的计算思维。文章采用基于设计的研究方法,提出可视化编程活动的设计原则,即设计问题驱动的编程任务、采用脚本支持的小组配对编程、支持编程过程的可视化表征。之后,文章将程序设计与小学数学结合的跨学科主题作为学习内容,通过包含“设计→实施→评价”路径的三轮迭代,从数学学业成绩、计算思维水平两个角度衡量迭代的效果,最终确定了对应于三条设计原则的十条具体策略;同时,验证了可视化编程活动对计算思维中的计算概念、计算实践、计算观点三个维度有统计学意义上的显著作用。文章进行的实证研究,可为计算思维的培养研究与实践提供原则指导和策略参考,且经过实证迭代、确定的原则和策略,能够丰富计算思维研究领域的理论体系。

Computational thinking is a necessary literacy for citizens in the 21st century,and visual programming activities help to develop primary and middle school students’computational thinking.Using the design-based research approach,this paper proposed the design principles of visual programming activities,namely designing problem-driven programming tasks,using script-supported group pair programming,and supporting visual representations of the programming process.After that,taking the interdisciplinary theme of combining programming and elementary school mathematics as learning content,this paper measured the iteration effect of from two perspectives of mathematics academic performance and computational thinking level,and further determined ten specific strategies corresponding to the three design principles,through three rounds of iteration including the“design→implementation→evaluation”path.At the same time,it was verified that visual programming activities had statistically significant effects on the three dimensions of computing concept,computing practice and computing viewpoint in computing thinking.The empirical research in this paper can provide principle guidance and strategy reference for the research and practice of computational thinking cultivation,and the determined principles and strategies after empirical iteration can enrich the theoretical system in the research field of computational thinking.