湖南省空巢老人综合健康评估研究

Study on the comprehensive health assessment of empty-nest elderly in Hunan Province

目的探讨湖南省内空巢老人综合健康状况及其影响因素。方法于2020年12月至2021年8月采用老年人资源与服务评价(OARS)量表中多维功能评估问卷对湖南省29个城镇社区及21个乡村中的158例空巢老人开展老年综合评估,采用回归分析探讨其综合健康状况的影响因素。结果共发放167份问卷,收回158份有效问卷,有效回收率为94.6%。不同空巢类型、婚姻状况老人社会健康评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同性别、空巢类型老人经济状况评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。空巢老人综合健康状况优良者占22.78%、一般者占41.13%、较差者占36.08%,躯体健康及社会健康维度优良率较低,分别为24.05%及31.01%。logistic回归结果显示,空巢类型、患病种数是躯体健康的影响因素;空巢类型是社会健康的影响因素(P<0.05)。多元回归分析发现,年龄、患病种数也是综合健康状况的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论空巢老人综合健康状况不容乐观,应重视高龄多病共存的绝对空巢老人,帮助其建立积极的社会支持网络,促进健康老龄化建设。

Objective To explore the comprehensive health status and its influencing factors of empty-nest in Hunan Province.Methods From December 2020 to August 2021,a total of 158 empty-nest elderly people in 29 urban communities and 21 villages in Hunan Province were comprehensively evaluated by using the multi-dimensional functional assessment questionnaire in the older American resource and service(OARS)scale.Regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of comprehensive health status.Results A total of 167 questionnaires were distributed,and 158 valid questionnaires were recovered,with an effective recovery rate of 94.6%.There were statistically significant differences in the social health scores of the elderly with different empty-nest types and marital status(P<0.05);there were statistically significant differences in the economic status scores of the elderly with different genders and empty-nest types(P<0.05).The comprehensive health status of empty nesters was 22.78%,41.13%was average,and 36.08%was poor.The excellent and good rates of physical health and social health were 24.05%and 31.01%,respectively.The logistic regression results showed that the type of empty-nest and the number of diseased species were the influencing factors of physical health;the type of empty nest was the influencing factor of social health(P<0.05).Multiple regression analysis found that age and the number of diseases were also influencing factors of comprehensive health status(P<0.05).Conclusion The comprehensive health status of empty-nest elderly is not optimistic.Attention should be paid to absolute empty-nest elderly who coexist with old age and multiple diseases,and help them establish a positive social support network to promote the construction of healthy aging.