当前美国K-12在线教育:质量问题、改进趋势及反思批判

The Current K-12 Online Education's Quality in the USA:Quality Issues,Improvement Trends,and Reflective Criticism

在疫情防控常态化的背景下,在线教学已经成为兼顾正常教学秩序与追求优质教育的重要途径。经过长期历史发展,美国K-12在线教育已经进入多元主体共治阶段。但是当前K-12教育在总体学业水平、学生留存率、成绩认定的可靠性与关键能力发展等方面仍不尽如人意。面对质量现状,联邦政府、州政府、专业机构等进行了一系列不懈努力,拟从推动向混合学校转型、强化虚拟学校对学生成长关注的主体责任、控制学校规模、建设高水平的在线教师队伍、支持实施基于能力教学改革等方面进行改进。美国K-12在线教育的改革动向表明,美国K-12在线教育已经显现出过于注重成绩这一显性指标、质量保障的重心下移、相关主体动力不足可能影响改革方案有效落地等主要特征。美国在线教育的主张与探索对我国以在线教育补位学校课后服务具有启发性。

In the context of the normalization of epidemic prevention and control,online teaching has become an important way to pursue the normal teaching order and quality education. After a long history of development,K-12 online education in the USA has entered the stage of co-governance by multiple subjects. However,the current K-12 education is still unsatisfactory in terms of overall academic performance,student retention,reliability of achievement recognition and development of key competencies. Facing the current situation of quality,the federal government,state governments,professional organizations have made a series of unremitting efforts to plan to promote the transition to hybrid schools,strengthen the responsibility of virtual schools to focus on the growth of students,control the scale of school,build a high level of online teachers,and support the implementation of teaching reform based on the ability to improve.The trend of development and reform shows that K-12 online education in the USA has emerged too much emphasis on academic achievement as the dominant indicator,the focus of quality assurance moved down,lack of reform motivation may affect the effective implementation of thereform plan.These measures may provide a mirror for using online education to fill after-school service in China..