美国“教学效能测量项目”的高质量课堂观察:精准评价的实践运作考察

Experience and Enlightenment of High-quality Classroom Observation of American"Measures of Effective Teaching Project"

“精准测量”的课堂观察是诊断教师教学与促进教师专业发展的关键。为突破当前教师评价难以区分教师教学效能差异的困境,美国“教学效能测量项目”从观察工具设计、观察者培训认证、公正程序设置、增加观察次数、多种方法对课堂观察结果进行检验等维度增强评价结果的准确性。在此基础上,观察者以“精准评价”形成的课堂观察结果为证据,向教师提供易于接受和可靠的教学诊断反馈信息,有益于教师的教学实践改善、学生学习成功机会的增加,以及学校整体效能的提升。该项目中基于利益相关者协同制定共同评价标准与愿景、对观察者进行严格培训与认证、利用视频观察的信息技术增强教师对评价结果的信赖与接受,体现了人本主义与循证主义相结合的课堂观察特征。

Classroom observation of "precision measurement" is the key to diagnosing teacher teaching and promoting teacher professional development. In order to break through the dilemma that it is difficult to distinguish the difference of teachers’ teaching effectiveness in teacher evaluation,the classroom observation of the American "The Measures of Effective Teaching Project" enhances the accuracy of evaluation results from the dimensions of observation tools design,observer training certification,fair procedure setting,increasing the number of observations,and multiple methods to test classroom observation results. On this basis,observers use the classroom observation results formed by "accurate evaluation" as evidence to provide teachers with easy-to-accept and reliable teaching diagnostic feedback information,which is beneficial to the improvement of teachers’ teaching practice,the increase of students’ chances of success in learning,and the promotion school effectiveness.The project is based on the collaboration of stakeholders to formulate common evaluation standards and visions,strict training and certification of observers,and the use of video observation information technology to enhance teachers’ trust and acceptance of evaluation results,which embodies the characteristics of classroom observation that combines humanism and evidence-basedism.