采摘次数对油蔬两用甘蓝型油菜菜薹和菜籽品质及产量的影响

Effects of Picking Times on the Quality and Yield of Young Stem and Rapeseed of Oilseed-vegetable Dual-purpose Brassica napus Varieties

为筛选出适合四川省成都平原区种植且综合生产效益高的油蔬两用甘蓝型油菜品种,并研发相应的高产栽培技术,选用‘菜薹-1’(CT-1)、‘菜薹-2’(CT-2)、‘菘蓝油菜1号’(SLYC-1)和‘菘蓝油菜2号’(SLYC-2)4个甘蓝型油蔬两用油菜品种为材料,以‘蓉油18’(RY-18)为对照,研究品种和采摘次数对油菜薹和油菜籽产量、品质及综合生产效益的影响。结果表明,与摘薹1次相比,摘薹2次显著降低了菜薹外观品质、纤维素和木质素含量,但显著增加了可溶性糖含量。与不摘薹相比,摘薹显著降低了株高。与不摘薹相比,摘薹1次显著增加了单株有效角果数和菜籽产量,而摘薹2次则显著降低。摘薹对油蔬两用油菜籽品质影响不显著。SLYC-2菜薹产量、可溶性糖含量和综合生产效益显著高于其他品种。在本试验条件下SLYC-2的菜薹品质和综合生产效益最高,适合在四川省平原区种植。摘薹1次是保证油蔬两用油菜籽产量和综合生产效益的最佳栽培方式。

This study aims to screen out oilseed-vegetable dual-purpose Brassica napus varieties, which are of highly comprehensive production efficiency and suitable for cultivation in the Chengdu Plain of Sichuan Province.To develop the corresponding high-yield cultivation techniques, four B. napus varieties, i.e.,‘Caitai-1’(CT-1),‘Caitai-2’(CT-2),‘Songlanyoucai-1’(SLYC-1), and‘Songlanyoucai-2’(SLYC-2) were compared with‘Rongyou-18’(RY-18). The effects of varieties and picking times on the yield and quality of young stem and rapeseed, and comprehensive economic benefits were evaluated. Results showed that the appearance quality,and the contents of cellulose and lignin of the young stem were significantly decreased in the picking twice treatment compared with those in the picking once treatment, while the soluble sugar content was considerably increased. The plant height was notably decreased in the picking treatments compared with none picking treatment. The number of effective siliqua per plant and the yield of rapeseed were considerably increased in the picking once treatment compared with those in none picking treatment, while significantly decreased in the picking twice treatment. The influence of picking times on the seed quality of oil-vegetable dual-purpose rapeseed was not significant. The young stem yield, soluble sugar content and comprehensive economic benefit of SLYC-2 were notably higher than those of other varieties. In conclusion, SLYC-2 has the highest young stem quality and comprehensive economic benefit, which is suitable to be cultivated in the Chengdu Plain of Sichuan Province. The picking once treatment is the best cultivation method to ensure the yield and comprehensive production benefit of oilseed-vegetable dual-purpose rapeseed.