施肥水平对烤烟的干物质、养分积累及分配的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Levels on Dry Matter and Nutrient Accumulation and Distribution in Flue-cured Tobacco

文章探讨不同施肥水平对烤烟干物质累积及养分含量积累分配的影响,旨在为发挥其产量潜力和优化施肥管理提供科学依据。采用田间试验设置4个肥力水平(不施肥、低肥水平、中肥水平、高肥水平),研究烤烟根、茎、叶3个部位干物质及氮、磷、钾积累含量的变化及分配特点。结果表明:(1)烟株的干物质积累量随着生育进程呈增加趋势,至圆顶期时,叶片干物质、磷和钾积累量各施肥处理间无显著差异。(2)随着施肥水平的提高,烟株对氮、钾的利用率呈下降趋势,其中高肥水平处理显著低于低肥水平处理。在本试验条件下,烤烟产量(干物质积累)的提升难以靠增加施肥量来解决,在实践中,推荐以中肥水平150.0 kg/hm^(2)(N:P_(2)O_(5):K_(2)O=1.0:0.8:2.0)进行施肥。

In this paper, the effects of different fertilization levels on dry matter accumulation and nutrient accumulation and distribution in flue-cured tobacco were discussed, so as to provide a scientific basis for developing yield potential and optimizing fertilization management. Four fertilization levels(no fertilization,low fertilization level, medium fertilization level and high fertilization level) were used to study the content changes and the distribution characteristics of dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in roots, stems and leaves of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that:(1) the dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants increased with the growth process, and there was no significant difference in leaf dry matter, phosphorus and potassium accumulation among different fertilization treatments at the dome stage;(2) with the increase of fertilization level, the utilization rate of nitrogen and potassium of tobacco plants decreased, and the utilization rate under high fertilization level was significantly lower than that under low fertilization level. Under the condition of this experiment, it is difficult to improve the yield(dry matter accumulation) of flue-cured tobacco by increasing the amount of fertilizer. In practice, it is recommended to apply fertilizer at medium level of 150.0 kg/hm^(2)(N: P_(2)O_(5): K_(2)O=1.0:0.8:2.0).