滴灌水量对核桃幼苗生长的影响

Effects of Drip Irrigation Amount on the Growth of Walnut Seedlings

为明确核桃生长发育的水肥需求及适宜的水肥管理措施,以1年生核桃苗为试验材料,在60%施肥量的滴灌施肥方式下设5个不同灌水梯度处理,每隔10天滴灌1次。其中TG1处理为1000 mL/次灌水量,其他滴灌施肥处理的灌水量分别为处理TG1的85%(TG2)、70%(TG3)、55%(TG4)、40%(TG5)。研究表明,在60%施肥量的滴灌施肥方式下,随着灌水量的减少,土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量及苗木生长指标均呈现先升高后下降的趋势。其中,与其他处理相比,灌水量在700~850 mL/次(处理TG2和TG3)范围时效果最显著。与灌水量为1000 mL/次的处理TG1相比,TG2和TG3处理的核桃幼苗土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量显著提高,增幅分别为15.96%、23.58%、12.25%和13.33%、7.53%、18.37%;TG2、TG3处理植株根系长度和根系活力分别是TG1处理的0.95、1.036倍和1.125、1.14倍;幼苗叶面积、叶片含水率及叶绿素含量也有所增加,叶片全氮、全磷、全钾含量较处理TG1显著提高;TG2和TG3处理株高、地径达最高,分别为30.67 cm、8.37 mm和32 cm、8.25 mm。综上,滴灌条件下,灌水量为700~850 m L/次能有效提高土壤肥力,改善土壤环境,对核桃幼苗生长具有一定促进作用。

The paper aims to determine water and fertilizer requirements of walnut growth as well as appropriate water and fertilizer management measures. The 1-year-old walnut seedlings were used as experimental materials, and 5 different irrigation gradients were set up under 60% fertilization amount, and drip irrigation was conducted 1 time every 10 days. Treatment TG1 was 1000 mL/time irrigation, and the other drip irrigation treatments were 85%(TG2), 70%(TG3), 55%(TG4), and 40%(TG5) of TG1. The results showed that under the drip fertilization method with 60% fertilization amount, the soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus, available potassium and seedling growth index increased first and then decreased with the decrease of irrigation amount. Among them, the effect of irrigation was most significant in the range of 700-850 mL/time(treatment TG2 and TG3). The soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of TG2 and TG3 treated seedlings were significantly higher than those of TG1, with an increase of 15.96%, 23.58% and 12.25%, and 13.33%, 7.53% and 18.37%, respectively. Plant root length and root vigor of TG2 and TG3 were 0.95 and 1.036 times, and 1.125 and 1.14 times those of TG1, respectively.Seedling leaf area, leaf water content and chlorophyll content also increased. The content of total nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in leaf were significantly higher than those of TG1. The plant height and ground diameter of TG2 and TG3 were the highest, which were 30.67 cm and 8.37 mm, and 32 cm and 8.25 mm,respectively. In summary, under drip irrigation, when the irrigation amount is 700-850 mL/time, it can effectively improve soil fertility and soil environment, and promote the growth of walnut seedlings.