门源红柳物侯特征及其对气候变化的响应

The Phenological Characteristics of Menyuan Tamarisk and Their Response to Climate Change

利用1988-2020年门源国家基本气象站红柳物候和气温资料,通过相关分析等方法研究红柳叶春、秋季物候期(芽开放期、展叶期、开花期、叶变色期、落叶期)的变化特征及其对气候变化的响应。分析发现:(1)春季物候期呈现提前趋势,开花期提前的趋势最为明显,秋季物候期表现出推迟的趋势。(2)门源红柳平均生长季168天,生长季随时间表现为极显著的延长趋势,变化速率为13 d/10 a。(3)1988-2020年门源县年、季平均气温均呈升高趋势,与全球变暖一致,年平均气温变化的气候倾向率为0.54℃/10 a,32年上升了约1.7℃。(4)红柳春季物候期对气温变化很敏感,气温升高,物候期就提前。(5)1988-2020年期间门源年平均气温、红柳物候期均未发生突变。研究结果表明门源红柳对气候变化响应比较敏感,因此,在祁连山生态脆弱区选用红柳对气候变化响应进行研究,对生态环境监测、治理有一定的参考价值。

The tamarisk phenological and temperature data from 1988 to 2020 obtained by Menyuan National Basic Meteorological Station were used, and the change characteristics of Menyuan tamarisk and their response to climate change in spring and autumn(bud opening, leaf spreading, flowering, leaf discoloration and defoliation) were studied by correlation analysis. The results showed that:(1) the phenological phase in spring had an earlier trend, the flowering period was earlier obviously, and the phenological phase in autumn presented a delayed trend;(2) the average growing period of Menyuan tamarisk was 168 days, and the growing period showed a significant lengthening trend with the changing rate of 13 d/10 a;(3) from 1988 to 2020, the annual and seasonal average temperature in Menyuan County had an increasing trend, which was consistent with global warming, the climate tendency rate of the annual average temperature change was 0.54℃/10 a,indicating that the annual average temperature increased by about 1.7℃ in 32 years;(4) the tamarisk phenological phase in spring was very sensitive to the change of temperature, getting earlier with the rising of temperature;(5) during 1988 to 2020, the annual average temperature of Menyuan and the phenological phase of tamarisk did not change abruptly. In summary, Menyuan tamarisk was sensitive to climate change.Therefore, the study on the response of Menyuan tamarisk to climate change in Qilian Mountains’ ecological vulnerable areas has certain reference value for ecological environmental monitoring and management.