玉米籽粒主要品质性状的分子遗传研究进展

Quality Traits of Maize Kernels: A Review on Molecular Genetics

玉米是全球最主要的粮食作物之一,提高玉米籽粒品质是当今世界玉米育种领域高度关注的问题。因为传统常规育种方法具有育种时间长且转化率低等限制因素,所以解决这一问题最经济有效的方法就是利用分子标记进行辅助选择育种。为了给今后玉米品质性状的分子设计育种提供参考,本研究总结了国内外玉米籽粒品质性状的QTL定位、分子标记辅助改良和候选基因克隆及转基因技术应用的相关研究进展。指出玉米优质基因资源的利用还不够充分,现有分子标记技术在玉米育种中的应用还不够广泛,今后应改进育种方法和品质鉴定技术,以缩短玉米育种周期。

Maize is one of the most important grain crops in the world. Improving the kernel quality of maize is a highly concerned problem in the field of maize breeding worldwide. The traditional and conventional breeding methods have the limitations of long breeding time and low transformation rate, so the most economical and effective way to solve this problem is to use molecular marker assisted selection breeding. In order to provide reference for molecular design and breeding of maize quality traits in the future, this study summarized relevant research progress of QTL mapping, molecular marker assisted improvement, candidate gene cloning and transgenic technology application of maize kernel quality traits at home and abroad. Based on the review, the study points out that the utilization of high-quality gene resources in maize is not sufficient, and the application of existing molecular marker technology in maize breeding is not extensive enough. In the future, breeding methods and quality identification techniques should be improved to shorten the breeding cycle of maize.