功能与程序双重维度下监察留置制度的完善

The function and procedure of the lien in the reform of the supervisory system

监察留置具有强制人身自由、适用对象二元化、功能多元化、办案机关直接控制被调查人、办案压力大等特点,面临办案需要与人权保障之间的冲突。留置应为强制措施,而非调查措施;应为羁押措施,而非限制人身自由的措施;应为刑事措施,而非行政措施。然而,《监察法》设置留置制度时,混淆了调查措施和强制措施,违反了比例原则,缺乏清晰的证明标准和羁押必要性审查机制。留置制度改革应当引入强制讯问、限制人身自由的强制措施,从而准确限定留置为羁押措施,同时,应当严格限制留置只适用于重大职务犯罪,完善留置羁押必要性审查制度,规范留置的审批程序,完善留置场所的规范化建设。

In the process of supervision system reform,lien has the characteristics of enforcing freedom of person,applicable objects appears dualization,functional diversification,The case handling organ directly controls the suspect,the high pressure,etc.It is faced with the conflict between the needs of handling cases and the protection of human rights.In nature,lien shall be coercive measures rather than investigative measures;it should be a measure of detention rather than a restriction of personal freedom;it should be a criminal measure rather than an administrative measure.The setting up of the lien method confuses the investigative means and coercive measures,violates the principle of proportionality,lacks clear proof standard and necessity examination mechanism,and may be alienated into super custody measures.In the future reform,compulsory interrogation and restriction of personal freedom should be introduced to accurately define the detaining function.At the same time,it is clear that the lien should only focus on major and complex criminal acts,establish a necessary review system,standardize the ways of examination and approval of lien,clarify the location of detention and its standardized construction.