川西高原4种牦牛常用种植牧草营养价值及评价方法的研究进展

Research Progress on Nutritional Value and Evaluation Method of Four Types of Planting Forages for Yaks in Western Sichuan Plateau

牦牛(Bos grunniens)是川西高原主要的家畜,也是高原牧民重要的生产生活资料。目前牦牛养殖多为传统的放牧形式,在冷季牧草匮乏时,牦牛体重下降甚至死亡,而且过度放牧导致天然草场严重退化。种植牧草并进行牦牛季节性补饲研究有助于提高牦牛养殖效益,但目前适应高原环境的牧草品种较少,并且其营养组成及评定体系也不完善。因此,文章概括了4种川西高原常用的种植牧草——燕麦(Avena sativa)、羊草(Leymus chinensis)、箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa)和红豆草(Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop)的营养价值及评定的常用方法,并综述了利用康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系(CNCPS)和体外产气法评定4种牧草营养价值的研究进展,通过结合两种方法综合评价牧草的营养价值,对指导川西高原牦牛补饲提供参考依据。

Yaks(Bos grunniens)are the main livestock raised in the western Sichuan plateau areas that serve as the important resources of production and living for the local herdsman.To date,yaks are mostly raised by traditional grazing,which could cause weight loss and even death when there is no sufficient forage supply during the cold season.Moreover,overgrazing leads to serious degradation of natural pastures.Supplementing forages during cold season to yaks is helpful to improve the produc⁃tion efficiency of yak,however,there are very few suitable forage cultivars in the plateau environ⁃ment.The knowledge about nutritional composition and evaluation methods of the planting forages is very limited.Therefore,the nutritional value and assessment methods of four types of forages in the western Sichuan plateau area,namely Avena sativa,Leymus chinensis,Vicia sativa and Onobrychis viciae⁃folia Scop,were summarized in this review by us⁃ing the Cornell Net Carbohydrate-Protein System(CNCPS)and in vitro gas production method.The purpose of this review was to provide refer⁃ence for efficient feeding of yaks in the western Sichuan plateau area.