饲料蛋脂比对中华绒螯蟹生长、体组成和性腺发育的影响

The Effects of Compound Feed Protein-to-Fat Ratio on The Growth,Body Composition and Gonadal Development of Chinese Mitten Crab

为研究配合饲料替代冰鲜鱼对中华绒螯蟹生长、体组成和性腺发育的影响。进行为期6周的饲养试验,探讨6种不同蛋脂比(5.71、6.23、7.14、4.00、4.50、5.00)饲料(diet 1、diet 2、diet 3、diet 4、diet 5、diet 6组)替代冰鲜鱼对初始体质量为(112.01±9.23)g的中华绒螯蟹的生长性能、体组成、性腺指数、肝胰腺氨基酸及性腺脂肪酸的营养成分等的影响。结果显示:冰鲜鱼组的中华绒螯蟹成活率显著低于配合饲料组(P<0.05);diet 5组(蛋脂比4.50)的中华绒螯蟹增重率最高(P<0.05),肝胰腺中总脂肪含量显著低于其他组,性腺中的总脂肪含量显著高于其他组,性腺指数显著高于其他组(P<0.05),肝胰腺中的精氨酸、蛋氨酸和赖氨酸也显著高于其他组(P<0.05),性腺中多不饱和脂肪酸总量显著高于其他饲料组和冰鲜鱼组(P<0.05),单不饱和脂肪酸总量数值最高。各处理组中华绒螯蟹性腺中的油酸、花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸等脂肪酸含量差异显著,其中diet 5组显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。配合饲料有利于促进中华绒螯蟹生长及性腺发育,蛋脂比为4.50的配合饲料对中华绒螯蟹的性腺发育和增重率显著高于冰鲜鱼组和其他饲料组。

This experiment was to research the effects of replacing chilled fish with compound feed on the growth,body composition and gonadal development of Chinese mitten crab.In this study,six kinds of compound feed with different protein-to-lipid ratio were designed,namely diet 1,diet 2,diet 3,diet 4,diet 5,and diet 6(the protein-to-lipid ratio of these compound feed was 5.71,6.23,7.14,4.00,4.50,5.00 respectively).After 6-weeks feeding trial in Chinese mitten crab[initial weight:(112.01±9.23)g]with different compound feed and chilled fish,the growth performance,body composition,gonadal index,hepatopancreatic amino acids and the gonadal fatty acids were compared.The results showed that:The survival rate of Chinese mitten crab in the chilled fish group was significantly lower than that of the oth⁃er compound feed groups.The weight gain rate was the highest in the diet 5 group(protein-to-lipid ra⁃tio,4.50)(P<0.05).The total fat content in hepa⁃topancreas tissue of diet 5 group was significant⁃ly lower than that of the other groups(P<0.05).However,the total fat content in gonadal tissue of diet 5 group was the highest among the groups.And the gonadal index of diet 5 group was signifi⁃cantly higher than that of the other groups(P<0.05).Besides,arginine,methionine and lysine contents in hepatopancreas tissue were significantly higher in diet 5 group than those in the other groups(P<0.05).Furthermore,the total amounts of monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in gonadal tissue of diet 5 group were significantly higher than those of the other feed groups and chilled fish group(P<0.05).The contents of fatty acids including palmitoleic acid,arachidonic acid,eicosapen⁃taenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were significantly different in groups,among which diet 5 group had the highest contents than the other groups(P<0.05).This study indicated that the compound feed in this paper could promote the growth and gonadal development of Chinese mitten crab.Compound feed with protein-to-lipid ratio of 4.50 had significantly better effects in terms of promoting gonadal develop⁃ment and weight gain than the other compound feed groups and the chilled fish group.