弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的崩溃与创新--兼论创伤理论在美国的发展状况与前景

Virginia Woolf’s Collapse and Innovation--And the Development and Prospects of Trauma Theory in the United States

现在所论的创伤理论源自弗洛伊德的精神分析学,创伤是精神分析学的核心概念之一,后经拉康等理论家不断丰富和发展。在美国学界,诸如凯茜·卡鲁斯、米歇尔·巴拉乌等学者都尝试运用这一理论来分析文学作品或者作家,得出了很多发人深省的成果。创伤理论也完全适用于分析英国现代主义作家弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的作品,因为种种创伤给伍尔夫本人及其创作都留下了难以磨灭的“痕迹”。从创伤理论的视角对伍尔夫的《幕间》等作品进行深入剖析,不仅可以更加全面深刻地了解作家的生命历程,也可以使读者更加深入地理解创伤在作品中的表征和作品所记录的时代,理解作家带着创伤所造成的痛苦和各种后遗症,以及通过持续不懈的努力——写作——去重构原初意义世界的艰难历程。进入21世纪,创伤理论仍旧大有可为。

The“trauma theory”we are presently discussing originates from Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis.As one of the core concepts of psychoanalysis,the word“trauma”has been continuously enriched and developed by Lacan and other theorists.In the American academy,scholars such as Cathy Caruth and Michelle Balaev have tried to apply this theory to analyzing literary works or writers and have come up with many thought-provoking results.Trauma theory is also perfectly suitable for analyzing the British modernist writer Virginia Woolf,who has left indelible traumatic“traces”on both herself and her works.An in-depth analysis of Woolf’s work such as Between the Acts from the perspective of trauma theory can not only give us a more comprehensive understanding of the writer’s life history,but also enable readers to understand more deeply the representation of traumas in the works and the era.The analysis could also reveal Woolf’s difficult attempt to reconstruct her original world of meaning through continuous effort—writing.In the twenty-first century,trauma theory continues to hold great promise in the field of literary studies.