繁殖期公鹿防撞人棍套的设计与应用

The design and application of anti-collision stick-set used for rutting bucks

为了预防繁殖季节发生公鹿顶人事件,研制了一套可使人主动防范伤害的鹿用防撞棍套。在获得梅花鹿、马鹿公鹿体尺体重、撞击力等系列相关试验数据的基础上,对备选棍材(金属管、塑料管和木材)、套材(棉绳、麻绳、塑料绳和金属丝)的物理性能进行了测定分析,对棍材、套材使用规格(材质、直径和长度)进行了优化筛选,以得出防撞人棍套的最佳选材及规格。结果表明:1)棍材以木质的柞木、水曲柳、榆木为佳;穿鹿角盘和穿鼻套的材料均以金属丝比较理想。2)对梅花鹿而言,棍材可选用直径25,30,35,40 mm的柞木,直径30,35,40 mm的水曲柳,直径40 mm的榆木,长度46~51 cm;对马鹿而言,可选用直径30,35,40 mm的柞木,直径30,35,40 mm的水曲柳,直径40 mm的榆木,长度49~54 cm。3)梅花鹿、马鹿公鹿套材规格均可选用12#铁丝(直径2.8 mm);穿鹿角盘的套,梅花鹿要35 cm左右,马鹿要48 cm左右;穿鼻鼻套,梅花鹿至少要12 cm,马鹿至少要14 cm,鼻套长度在安装棍套时也可适当加长。实践证明,设计而成的防撞棍套产品简易、实用、安全,能够有效防止公鹿顶人而造成的人身伤害。

In order to prevent a rutting buck from charging people and causing huge burdens and economic losses in deer industry,a set of anti-collision safety sticks were invented for people to actively prevent injuries.Based on the measure⁃ments of body size,body weight,and impact force of sika deer and male red deer,the physical properties of the alternative sticks(metal pipe,plastic pipe and wood),cover materials(cotton rope,hemp rope,plastic rope,and metal wires)were investigated,and the specifications(material,diameter and length)of sticks and sets were optimized to obtain the appropri⁃ate design of anti-collision stick sets and specifications against sika deer and male red deer.The results showed that:1)lignified oak,ash,and elm could be used for making the sticks,and the iron wire was ideal for the antler plate and the nose cover.2)If used for sika deer,the diameter of the sticks could be 25,30,35,or 40 mm for oak sticks,30,35,or 40 mm for the ash sticks,and 40 mm for elm sticks,respectively,and the length of the sticks could be 46-51 cm.If used for red deer,the diameter of the sticks could be 30,35 or 40 mm for oak sticks,30,35 or 40 mm for ash sticks,40 mm for elm sticks,respectively,and the length of the sticks could be 49-54 cm.3)12#iron wire with the diameter of 2.8 mm could be used for the sets for both sika deer and red deer.The antler plate could be 35 cm and 48 cm long for sika deer and the red deer,respectively.The minimum of length of the nose cover could be 12 cm and 14 cm for sika deer and red deer,respectively,and could also be appropriately lengthened if necessary for installing the stick cover.The application of the de⁃sign had proved that the design of anti-collision stick was easy to make,practical and safe,and could effectively prevent the body injury by a stag collision.