半城半乡:西部农民新三代家庭的离散性与弹性——基于关中A县B村调研

Semi-urban and Semi-rural:Discreteness and Resilience of New Third Generation Families of Western Farmers——Based on the Study of Village B in County A of Guanzhong

目前学界普遍在“务工—留守”框架下研究西部农民家庭,而西部地区的一些农民三代家庭已进入半城半乡的生活状态,家庭成员分散在城市和乡村多个生活单元,家庭形态具有离散性。在半城半乡生活模式中,农民新三代家庭表现出较强弹性,具有改变家庭结构以满足家庭多元功能需要、应对发展压力并保持家庭团结的能力,从而体现出“形散而神不散”的生活样态。农民新三代家庭的人力资源配置方式、离婚风险防范策略、家庭伦理整合效果、熟人社会支持作用共同形成了家庭弹性。鉴于这种半城半乡生活模式及家庭弹性和离散性特征,中国西部地区农民家庭转型的方向不是全面城镇化,而是通过在城生活单元实现家庭生命周期关键环节的阶段性发展目标。以家庭为单位的农民城镇化不是全部家庭成员进城生活,而是形成能使农民家庭再生产逻辑嵌入并实现有机融合的城乡关系。

It is common to study western peasant families in the framework of “working and staying behind”. In the western region,some three-generation families have transitioned to a semi-urban and semi-rural lifestyle,with family members dispersed in various living arrangements in urban and rural locations. In their living arrangements in both semi-urban and semi-rural areas,the new third-generation peasant families exhibit tremendous resilience. Additionally, they are able to adapt their family structure to accommodate various family demands,manage developmental challenges,and preserve family harmony,indicating a“discrete but not dispersed”life pattern. Family resilience is formed through human resources allocation,divorce risk reduction techniques,benefits of family ethical integration,and social support from friends and acquaintances of the new three-generation peasant households. The transformation of farmers’ families in western China is not complete urbanization but the completion of the crucial stages of the family life cycle through urban living units due to farmers’ semi-urban and semi-rural living patterns,family resilience,and discrete traits. The urbanization of peasant families as a team is not the movement of all family members to live in the city but the reproduction logic of peasant families embedded in the organic integration of urban-rural relations.