论神圣言说与公共言说的嬗代——“言”“语”概念与古代文论

The Evolution of Sacred Expression and Public Expression:The Concept of “Expression” and Ancient Literary Theory

先秦时代的文学思想受言说方式的影响明显。中国早期文论的言说方式经历了微妙而深刻的变迁,从最早的神圣言说演化成公共与世俗的言说,彰显出先秦文学观念从神祇崇拜到人文兴起的过程。孔子开创的言说方式对商周时代的言说方式进行了改良,开启了后世文论的言说方式。孟子、庄子、刘勰、钟嵘前后接续,将神圣言说敷衍成一种公共话语体系,同时又传承了其中的神圣价值,从而使中国文论形成了不同于其他国度文论的特质。

The literary thought in the pre-Qin period was obviously influenced by the way of speech. The way of expression of early Chinese literary theory had experienced subtle and profound changes,from the earliest sacred expression to the public and secular expression,which showed the process of the pre-Qin literary concept from the worship of gods to the rise of humanities. The way of speaking created by Confucius improved the way of speaking in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties and opened the way of speaking in later literary theory. Mencius,Zhuangzi,Liu Xie and Zhong Rong continued to perfunctorize the sacred words into a public discourse system.