多源废弃物配施对矿区土壤的改良效应

Effect of multi-source waste combined application on soil improvement in mining area

【目的】提高煤基固体废弃物和农业废弃物的生态利用价值,改善矿区土壤环境。【方法】以紫花苜蓿为供试植物,以不添加农业废弃物为对照组,通过盆栽试验,研究纯土(N)、5%风化煤(A)、5%煤泥(B)、10%煤矸石(C)及其组合5%风化煤+5%煤泥(AB)、5%风化煤+5%煤泥+10%煤矸石(ABC)与5%农业废弃物牛粪(N+F、A+F、B+F、C+F、AB+F、ABC+F)配施对紫花苜蓿的生长发育影响和土壤的改良效果。【结果】与纯土(N)相比,施加煤基固体废弃物的C、AB和ABC处理紫花苜蓿总生物量分别提高了36%、45%、40%(P<0.05);施加煤泥处理B、AB、ABC提高了紫花苜蓿氮代谢关键酶谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)活性16%~19%(P<0.05);施加风化煤处理A、AB、ABC提高了紫花苜蓿碳代谢关键酶酸性蔗糖转化酶(AI)和蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性37%~52%、19%~26%(P<0.05)。增施农业废弃物的试验组(+F)较对照组紫花苜蓿地上生物量增加了37%~51%(P<0.05);GOGAT、AI、SS活性分别提高了12%~19%、19%~37%、19%~26%(P<0.05)。与纯土(N)相比,A、B、AB、ABC的土壤有机质增加了2.2~2.6倍(P<0.05)。增施农业废弃物(+F)的试验组较对照组土壤溶解有机碳和速效磷含量分别提高了9%~15%、56%~194%(P<0.05);B+F、C+F、AB+F、ABC+F处理土壤微生物碳氮代谢相关酶S-β-GC和S-UE的活性分别提高了21%~183%、13%~146%(P<0.05)。ABC+F煤基固体废弃物和农业废弃物配施是主成分效果最佳处理,紫花苜蓿生物量最高,为0.15 g/cm2;紫花苜蓿碳氮代谢关键酶SS和GOGAT活性最高,分别为25.89 mg/(g·h)和4.41μmol/(g·min);土壤有机质含量最高,为6.81%;土壤微生物碳氮代谢相关酶S-β-GC和S-UE的活性最高,分别为43.18μg/(g·h)和2.66μmol/(g·min)。【结论】ABC+F处理能够显著提高紫花苜蓿的生物量和碳氮代谢关键酶(AI、SS、GOGAT)活性,提升了紫花苜蓿产量和品质,有利于促进土壤养分积累,土壤改良效果最佳。

【Objective】Improve the soil environment in the mining area and the ecological utilization value of coal based solid wastes and agricultural wastes.【Methods】Taking alfalfa as the test plant and no agricultural waste as the control group,pot experiment was conducted to analyse pure soil(N),5%weathered coal(A),5%coal slime(B),10%coal gangue(C)and the mixtures of 5%weathered coal+5%coal slime(AB),5%weathered coal+5%coal slime+10%coal gangue(ABC)combined with 5%agricultural waste cow dung(N+F,A+F,B+F,C+F,AB+F,ABC+F)on the growth and development of alfalfa and soil improvement.【Results】Applying coal based solid waste treatments C,AB,and ABC,the total biomass of alfalfa rose by 36%,45%,and 40%(P<0.05)in comparison to pure soil(N).Applying coal slime treatments B,AB,and ABC increased the key enzyme of nitrogen metabolism glutamic acid synthase(GOGAT)by 16%-19%(P<0.05).Applying weathered coal treatments A,AB,and ABC increased the key enzymes of alfalfa carbon metabolism acid sucrose invertase(AI)and sucrose synthase(SS)by 37%-52%and 19%-26%(P<0.05),respectively.Applying agricultural waste group(+F),the above ground biomass of alfalfa rose by 37%to 51%(P<0.05)in comparison to the control group and GAGOT,AI and SS activities respectively increased by 12%to 19%,19%to 37%and 19%to 26%(P<0.05).Compared with pure soil(N),soil organic matter of A,B,AB and ABC treatment increased 2.2-2.6 times(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the content of soil dissolved organic carbon and available phosphorus in the agricultural waste addition group increased by 9%-15%,56%-194%(P<0.05);B+F,C+F,AB+F,ABC+F treatment group the activity of soil microbial carbon and nitrogen metabolism related enzymes S-β-GC and S-UE increased by 21%-183%and 13%-146%respectively(P<0.05).The combination of coal based solid waste and agricultural waste ABC+F was the best treatment for the principal component,with alfalfa biomass been the highest at 0.15 g/cm2;the activities of alfalfa key enzymes of carbon and nitrogen metabolism SS and GOGAT been the highest at 25.89 mg/(g·h)and 4.41μmol/(g·min);soil organic matter comtent at the highest of 6.81%;enzymes related to soil microbial carbon and nitrogen metabolism S-β-GC and S-UE been the highest at 43.18μg/(g·h)and 2.66μmol/(g·min).【Conclusion】The ABC+F treatment significantly increased the biomass of alfalfa as well as the activities of key enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbon and nitrogen(AI,SS,and GOGAT),improved yield and quality of alfalfa,and was advantageous for promoting soil nutrient accumulation with the best effect on soil improvement.