四川省农业科技现代化评价研究

Evaluation of Agricultural Science and Technology Modernization in Sichuan Province

基于对农业科技现代化内涵的解析,从物质基础现代化、生产经营现代化、绿色循环持续化、农业从业者现代化4个方面构建农业科技现代化评价指标体系,并以四川省为实证分析对象,采用熵值法对2015—2020年四川省农业科技现代化水平进行综合评价。结果表明:四川省农业科技现代化从起步阶段稳步提升到初步实现阶段,主要农产品优良品种覆盖率、高标准农田面积比重、单位耕地面积化肥施用量、单位耕地面积农药施用量、畜禽粪污综合利用率、农膜回收率、高素质农民发展指数高于全国同期水平,农业科技进步贡献率与全国同期水平持平,但有效灌溉率、农业投资强度、主要农作物耕种收综合机械化率、数字农业发展水平、耕地流转率、农产品加工业产值与农业总产值之比、农村人力资本水平低于全国同期水平。为此,需通过加大农业科技投入力度、积极推进政产学研用深度融合、形成激发创新创业的环境氛围,引导资金、科技、人才、信息等要素集聚,推进四川种业强省建设,弥补四川农业在节水灌溉、机械化、数字化、加工业等方面的发展短板。

Based on the analysis of the connotation of agricultural science and technology modernization,the index system of agricultural science and technology modernization evaluation was constructed from material base modernization,production and operation modernization,sustainable green cycle,and modernization of agricultural practitioners.The entropy method is applied to comprehensively evaluate the level of agricultural science and technology modernization in Sichuan province from 2015 to 2020.The Results showed that agricultural science and technology modernization in Sichuan province had steadily improved from the initial stage to the initial realization stage.The coverage rate of good varieties of major agricultural products,the proportion of high-standard farmland area,the amount of chemical fertilizer applied per unit of arable land,the amount of pesticide applied per unit of arable land,the comprehensive utilization rate of livestock manure,agricultural film recycling rate and high-quality farmer development index were higher than the national level in the same period.The contribution rate of agricultural science and technology progress was the same as the national level in the same period.But the effective irrigation rate,agricultural investment intensity,the comprehensive mechanization rate of main crops cultivation and harvesting,the development level of digital agriculture,the turnover rate of cultivated land,the ratio of agricultural processing industrial output value to total agricultural output value and the level of rural human capital were lower than the national level in the same period.Therefore,by increasing investment in agricultural science and technology,actively promoting the deep integration of government,industry,university,research and application,and forming an encouraging environment for innovation and entrepreneurship,capital,science and technology,talents,information and other factors should be concentrated to guide for promoting the construction of a strong province of seed industry in Sichuan and making up for the shortcomings of Sichuan agriculture in the development of water-saving irrigation,mechanization,digitization,and processing industry.