钙基材料捕集CO_(2)强化煤水蒸气气化制氢研究进展

Research progress on sorption-enhanced steam gasification of coal with CO_(2) capture using CaO-based materials

煤炭大规模燃烧产生的CO_(2)加剧了全球气候变暖和温室效应,钙基材料强化煤气化制氢技术能在捕集CO_(2)的同时获得较高浓度的H,工业应用前景良好。基于国内外钙基材料强化煤气化制氢技术的研究进展,论述了钙基材料强化煤气化制氢技术的系统流程,综述了钙基材料在系统中的CO_(2)捕集和强化制氢反应特性和活性降低机理,总结了改善钙基材料循环稳定性、CO_(2)捕集性能和催化制氢性能的方法,介绍了钙基材料强化煤气化过程中碱金属等微量元素的迁移路径,论述了微量元素对钙基材料在煤气化过程中脱碳/强化制氢活性的影响特性,分析了流态化和超临界气化条件下钙基材料对煤气化制氢特性的影响,介绍了基于热力学模拟的系统能量和经济性计算,归纳了钙基材料强化煤气化制氢系统和其他可再生能源系统的耦合性能及其对制氢特性的影响。基于当前钙基材料强化煤气化制氢技术的研究进展和潜在挑战,对未来可能的研究方向进行展望,认为筛选添加剂能多方位提高钙基材料的反应性能,采用解耦气化和煤/生物质共气化技术能实现更高的制氢性能和气化转化率,研究煤中微量元素的迁移及与其他可再生能源系统的耦合对该技术发展具有重要意义。

The CO_(2) produced by the large-scale combustion of coal aggravates the global warming and greenhouse effect. The sorption-enhanced steam gasification of coal using CaO-based materials could realize CO_(2) capture and Hproduction simultaneously, which has a good industrial application prospect. On the basis of recent advances of sorption-enhanced steam gasification of coal using CaO-based materials, the system procedure of this technology was described. The reaction characteristics and activity reduction mechanism of calcium based materials for CO_(2) capture and enhanced hydrogen production in the system were reviewed. The methods to improve the cycling stability, CO_(2) capture and catalytic hydrogen production of calcium based materials were summarized. Migration pathways of alkali metal and other trace elements during steam gasification of coal using CaO-based materials were analyzed. The effects of trace elements on CO_(2) capture and enhanced Hproduction of CaO-based materials were reviewed. The energy and economic analysis of this system based on kinetic calculations were described. The coupling of calcium based materials enhanced coal gasification hydrogen production system and other renewable energy systems and its influence on hydrogen production characteristics were summarized. In view of the research progress and potential challenge of sorption-enhanced steam gasification of coal using Ca-based materials, the possible research directions in the future were prospected. It is believed that screening additives can improve the reaction of calcium based materials in many aspects, and adopting decoupling gasification and coal/biomass co-gasification technology can achieve higher hydrogen production and gasification conversion. It is of great significance to study the migration of trace elements in coal and the coupling with other renewable energy systems for the development of this technology.