从“地域”到“省域”:清代江南士人身份认知的转型

From local to province: the transformation of identity awareness of Confucian scholars in Jiangnan in the Qing dynasty

清代以降,随着行省制度的长期稳定与日趋成熟,一种立足于特定地域认同的省域意识不断兴起,并不断形塑着清人的地域意识与身份认知。从江南的情况来看,洪武十四年以后,江南七府一直分属江、浙两个不同的省级政区。在省级政区的持续影响和推动下,清代的江南七府士人,无论是对“三吴”地域概念的体认,抑或是对吴、越地理分界线的解读,都较之前发生了明显的变迁,进而在身份认知层面隐隐形成了“苏松常镇”与“杭嘉湖”两个相对独立的地域系统。这表明,省级政区的长期设置与省域意识的兴起、强化,对清代江南士人的身份认知影响深远。

In the Qing dynasty, with the long-term stability and maturity of the provincial system, a kind of provincial consciousness based on specific regional identity was on the rise, which constantly shaped people’s regional consciousness and identity awareness at that time. In the case of Jiangnan region, the seven prefectures had been divided into Jiangsu and Zhejiang province ssince 1381. Under the continuous influence of provincial administration, scholars’ awareness of the regional concept of “San Wu” and their interpretation of the geographical boundary between Wu and Yue changed a lot. And then, two relatively independent regional systems “Su Song Chang Zhen” and “HangJia Hu” had been formed at the level of identity awareness. All these facts indicated that the long-term establishment of provincial administration as long as the rise and development of provincial consciousness had a profound influence on the identity awareness of the Confucian scholars in Jiangnan in the Qing dynasty.