域外儿童文学的批判阐释与本土儿童文学的创造性生成

Critical interpretation of foreign children’s literature and creative generation of local children’s literature

中国儿童文学是在域外儿童文学影响下萌蘖的。自诞生以来,其发展就面临着两难:亦步亦趋跟随西方文学步伐,挪移或改造西方经验寻求发展,抑或探索一条洋为中用、古为今用、创造性转化本土与域外资源,进而建设符合中国文学语境的发展之路。在周作人、郑振铎等人的倡导下,发生期儿童文学自觉地以改编为路径,收集整理本国的神话传说、民间故事、歌谣等资源,以现代儿童文学的概念进行儿童化的改造。同时,积极借鉴、批判吸收西方儿童文学经典创作的智慧与经验,开创了中国儿童文学主体建构与审美自觉的发展道路。

Children’s literature of China developed under the influence of foreign children’s literature. Since its very beginning, it has been faced with a dilemma—to follow the pace of western literature, to transform the western experience for construction, or to explore a way of adapting foreign things to China’s needs, making the past serve the present, and transforming local and foreign resources creatively, so as to build a development road in line with the context of Chinese literature. Under the advocacy of writers like Zhou Zuoren and Zheng Zhenduo, the children’s literature at the time of its occurrence consciously took the path of adaptation, collecting and sorting out materials like national myths and legends, folk stories, and ballads. On this basis, it was transformed according to the standards of modern children’s literature and meanwhile critically absorbed the wisdom and experience of western children’s literature classics, which led to the subjective construction and aesthetic consciousness of Chinese children’s literature.