林权制度改革背景下伐木犯罪的调整思路

Adjustment Thoughts of Logging Crime in Context of Forest Tenure Reform

伐木犯罪成为环境资源犯罪的主要类型,反映出森林资源保护与林木收益保障之间的紧张关系。在林权制度改革的背景下,基于前置法的修订,有必要对伐木犯罪的规制思路作出调整。个人的林地用益物权和林木所有权派生于森林资源国家所有权,加之森林资源的公共属性,对林木收益权加以限制是法理逻辑的必然,伐木犯罪的设置正当性就在于此。伐木犯罪的保护法益为森林资源,因灾害受损的林木可以成为伐木犯罪的对象,但在刑事追究方面应作特别考量。界定具体行为方式,必须确保所涉行为与“伐”具有相当性,移栽行为可以纳入其中。非法占有目的应当解释为盗伐林木罪的主观目的,但对窃取林木不应适用盗窃罪。对伐木犯罪的边界划定,应当考虑森林资源保护与林木收益保障之间的平衡。特别是,滥伐林木犯罪所涉林木不属于犯罪所得,不应当追缴。

Logging crimes has become the main type of environmental resource crimes, reflecting the tension between forest resource protection and forest income protection. In the context of the reform of the forest revenue system, based on the revision of the predecessor law, it is necessary to make adjustments to the regulatory thinking of logging crimes. The individual’s usufruct rights of forest land and ownership of forest trees are derived from the state ownership of forest resources, coupled with the public property of forest resources, it is a logical necessity of legal logic to restrict the right to forest revenue, and the justification of logging crimes lies in this setting. The legal benefit of logging crimes is forest resources. Trees damaged by disasters can become targets of logging crimes, but special consideration should be given to criminal investigations. To define specific behaviors, it is necessary to ensure that the behaviors involved are equivalent to "cutting", and transplanting behaviors can be included. The purpose of illegal possession should be interpreted as the subjective purpose of the crime of looting forest trees, but the crime of larceny should not be applied to the theft of forest trees. In delimiting the boundaries of logging crimes, consideration should be given to the balance between the protection of forest resources and forest revenues. In particular, the forests involved in the crime of deforestation are not the proceeds of the crime and should not be recovered.