用能技术还是管理技术?——绿色技术创新发生环节和类型的抉择

Energy Use Technology or Management Technology:The Choice of Links and Types of Green Technology Innovation

为厘清环境规制对企业绿色技术创新的影响及其机理,本文从企业绿色技术创新发生的环节和类型的视角切入,将企业绿色技术创新分为用能技术创新和管理技术创新两大类及其下设的七小类,并将之在生产链环节(源头、过程和末端)上加以归类,通过匹配沪深A股上市公司、《中国环境统计年鉴》和《中国工业经济统计年鉴》获取了关于环境规制和企业绿色技术创新的指标,研究了环境规制约束下企业技术绿色创新的抉择。结果发现:第一,环境规制整体上未对企业绿色技术创新有明显促进作用,“创新补偿”效应难以成立;第二,其内驱因素是,环境规制显著降低了企业生产率和收益率;第三,其外部原因是,与低污染行业企业相比,环境规制对高污染行业企业的绿色技术创新有一定促进作用,体现在用能技术创新、管理技术创新两方面,并分布在生产链的源头、过程及末端三个环节;第四,其外部原因还包括环境规制作用的阶段性,环境规制对个别绿色技术创新指标造成了先促进后抑制的影响,也影响了“创新补偿”效应的成立。据此,本文对环境规制约束下企业绿色技术创新的激励和选择提供一定启示。

In order to clarify the impact of environmental regulation on enterprise green technology innovation and its mechanism,from the perspective of the links and types of enterprise green technology innovation,enterprise green technology innovation was divided into two categories and seven sub categories of energy consumption technology innovation and management technology innovation.And enterprise green technology innovation was classified in the links of production chain(source,process and end).By matching the Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies and China Environmental Statistical Yearbook and China Industrial Economic Statistical Yearbook,the indicators on environmental regulation and enterprise green technology innovation was obtained,and the choice of green technology innovation was researched under the constraint of environmental regulation.The results show that first,environmental regulation does not significantly promote enterprise green technology innovation,and the“innovation compensation”effect is difficult to establish.Second,the internal driving factor is that environmental regulation has significantly reduced the productivity and profitability of enterprises.Third,the external reason is that compared with enterprises in low pollution industries,environmental regulation plays a certain role in promoting green technology innovation in high pollution industries,which is reflected in energy consumption technology innovation,management technology innovation,and distributed in the source,process and end of the production chain;Fourth,the external reasons also include the phased role of environmental regulation.Environmental regulation not only promotes and then inhibits individual green technology innovation indicators,but also affects the establishment of“innovation compensation”effect.Therefore,some enlightenment for the incentive and choice of enterprise green technology innovation under the constraints of environmental policy are provided.