基于虚拟现实技术的地下高速铁路车站疏散系统开发及适用性分析

Development and Applicability Analysis of Evacuation System for Underground High Speed Railway Stations Based on Virtual Reality Technology

面向虚拟现实技术在复杂地下空间应急演练领域的技术开发与应用,在阐述基于BIM与VR的虚拟现实疏散系统技术路线及技术架构的基础上,设计系统界面、模块和路径规划映射功能,提出改进的最优迈步人员疏散数学模型,并实现该模型的编程和接入系统,提升系统中行人疏散速度的精确度。通过在数据库中实时记录人员空间地址位置,并建立与虚拟现实疏散系统的接口,实现数据的自动分析处理和具象化应用。开发了京张高速铁路八达岭长城地下站虚拟现实疏散系统,涵盖6个虚拟场景,以通道着火场景为例证明三维虚拟疏散系统的先进性,通过人员试验,进行6个场景对应的虚拟场景疏散时间与真实场景疏散时间对比,二者差均小于10%,疏散时间均小于6 min,证明了系统的适用性与实际疏散路线合理性。

Targeting the technical development and application of virtual reality(VR)technology in the field of emergency drills in complex underground spaces,this paper expounded the technical route and technical architecture of a VR evacuation system based on building information modeling(BIM)and VR and designed the system’s interfaces,modules and path planning and mapping functions.An improved optimal mathematical pedestrian evacuation model was proposed,programed,and accessed to the system to improve the accuracy of the pedestrians’evacuation speed in the system.Automatic analysis and processing and concrete application of data were achieved by recording the personnel’s spatial address in the database in real time and creating an interface with the VR evacuation system.A VR evacuation system covering six virtual scenes was developed for the underground Badaling Great Wall Station of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou High Speed Railway.The passage fire scene was investigated as an example to prove the progressiveness of the three-dimensional virtual evacuation system.The evacuation time in the virtual scenes corresponding to six real scenes was compared with that in the real scenes through personnel tests.The difference between each pair of scenes is all less than 10%,and the evacuation time remains less than 6 min,which prove the applicability of the proposed system and the rationality of the actual evacuation route.