环境权在我国环境法典中的证成与展开

The Justification and Development of Right to Environment in China’s Environmental Code

当代中国环境法正处于从第二代环境法向第三代环境法的过渡时期。第三代环境法形神兼备,法典化是其“形”,以环境权为核心的公众环境权利是其“神”。我国环境法典的编纂应当回应人民优美生态环境的需要,构建一个“一体两翼”的环境权体系,即在确认一般环境权(适宜/良好环境权)的基础之上,对应环境保护中的污染防治和自然保护两大板块,规定健康环境权和自然享有权这两种类型的环境权。环境法典中关于环境权的本体性规定、保障性规定和救济性规定的三元格局设计,将有助于加强环境法的实施和国家环保义务之履行,推动我国真正迈向并且实现“美丽中国”和“环境法治”的目标。

Contemporary Chinese environmental law is in the transition period from the second generation of environmental law to the third generation of environmental law.The third generation environmental law has both form and spirit.Codification is its“form”,and public environmental rights with right to environment as its core are its“spirit”.The compilation of China’s environmental code should respond to the people’s needs for a beautiful ecological environment,and build a“one body with two wings”system of right to environment.That is,on the basis of confirming general right to environment,stipulate two types of right to environment,namely,the right to a healthy environment and the right to enjoy nature,corresponding to the two major sections of prevention and protection of pollution and nature protection.The design of the three-dimensional pattern of structure on the provisions of ontology,safeguard and relief of right to environment in the Environmental Code,will help strengthen the implementation of environmental laws and the fulfillment of state obligations,and promote China to truly move towards and realize the goals of“beautiful China”and“environmental rule of law”.