区块链共谋的反垄断监管

Antitrust Supervision of Blockchain Collusion

在数字化转型的全球背景下,区块链技术的出现为数字经济与数字法治提供了一种新型治理架构,也为各国的经济与法治生态发展创造了新机遇。然而,私有链的“黑箱效应”为共谋提供了“生长温床”,即使是开放、公开的公共链也可能出现将非法共谋转化为默契合作的新型共谋样态。加之,人工智能、算法与区块链的结合使区块链共谋具备自主学习的动态特征,加剧了链上经营者彼此之间或经营者与交易相对人之间的共谋风险。为了弱化甚至规避区块链共谋在集中市场资源、滥用市场支配地位、限制与排除竞争等方面的不良影响,有必要从反垄断监管的核心视角制定共识性的技术标准、监管规则、监管策略,形成“技术治理+规范治理”的二元治理结构。

In the global context of digital transformation,the emergence of blockchain technology provides a new governance framework for the digital economy and the digital rule of law,and also creates new opportunities for the economic and legal ecology of various countries.However,the“black box effect”of private blockchain provides a breeding ground for collusion,and even the public blockchain may appear a new pattern of collusion that transforms illegal collusion into tacit cooperation.In addition,the combination of artificial intelligence,algorithms,and blockchain enables blockchain collusion to have the dynamic characteristics of self-learning,which intensifies the risk of collusion between operators or between operators and counterparties on the blockchain.To weaken or even avoid the adverse effects of blockchain collusion in concentrating market resources,abusing market dominance,restricting and eliminating competition,etc.,it is necessary to formulate consensus technical standards,regulatory rules,and regulatory strategies from the core perspective of anti-monopoly supervision,forming a dual governance structure of“technical governance+normative governance”.