农村地理通婚圈形成与变迁:——基于L氏家族五代人婚姻关系谱系的考察

Formation and Changes of Rural Geographical Intermarriage Circle:Based on the L Family Five Generations Marriage Pedigree investigation

婚姻现象是人类社会发展过程中的一个非常重要现象,婚姻行为是透视社会发展变迁的重要窗口。微观个体的婚姻态度、观念以及行为变化,可以在一定程度上折射出宏观社会制度与结构的变化。通过对中国西部地区一个农民家族的婚姻谱系考察,追踪调查该家族自清朝末期以来五代人地理通婚圈的形成和变迁。研究发现:地理通婚圈扩张趋势明显,一方面表现为平均通婚距离在增加,另一方面表现为通婚圈地域结构向外延展的趋势。通婚圈地域结构具有“回流婚姻”的平衡性特征和“洪流婚姻”的地域集聚性特征。在不同历史时期,地理通婚圈的形成和变迁原因不同,第一代到第三代,地理通婚圈基本都在本县范围内。这一阶段主要受“婚姻关系网”和“日常社交网与劳作关系”的影响。第四代出现了跨市通婚和跨省通婚的异地通婚,这一阶段主要受人口迁移流动影响。如何解决异地通婚带来的婚姻家庭问题,不仅需要夫妻双方及其父母共同努力,也需要从社区层面构建一个包容性的新型婚育文化。

Marriage is a very important phenomenon in the development of human society,marriage behavior is an im⁃portant window of social development,changes in marital attitudes,attitudes,and behaviors of micro-individuals,to some extent,it reflects changes in macro institution and structure.By investigating the marriage pedigree of a peasant family in western China,and tracks the formation and change of the geographical intermarriage circle of the five genera⁃tions of the family since the end of the Qing Dynasty.It is found that the expansion trend of geographical intermarriage circle is obvious,on the one hand,the average intermarriage distance is increasing,on the other hand,it shows the trend of outward extension of the regional structure of intermarriage circle.The regional structure of intermarriage circle has the balanced characteristics of"return marriage"and the regional agglomeration characteristics of"flood marriage".In different historical periods,the reasons for the formation and change of geographical intermarriage circle are differ⁃ent.From the first generation to the third generation,the geographical intermarriage circle is basically within the scope of the county.This stage is mainly affected by"The influence of marital network and daily social network and labor rela⁃tionship.In the fourth generation,intermarriage occurred in different places,such as intermunicipal marriage and in⁃terprovincial intermarriage,which was mainly affected by population migration and mobility.How to solve the marriage and family problems caused by intermarriage requires not only the joint efforts of both husband and wife and their par⁃ents,but also the construction of an inclusive new marriage and childbearing culture from the local community.