《老子》“戎马生于郊”本义及相关问题探论

The Original Meaning of"Military Horses Sheng in the Suburbs"of Lao Zi and the Exploration into Some Relevant Issues with the Sentence

《老子》之“戎马生于郊”的本义是戎马出现在都城之郊。顾广圻对《解老》“将马”之“将”的校勘无法成立,该“将马”当释怀驹之马。《盐铁论·未通》“牸牝”一词所在的“文学”之言继承了《老子》该句和《韩非子》解读《老子》该句所蕴含的思想并有所增益,体现了昭宣时期对儒家意识形态的进一步建构,故对汉以来解读《老子》该句的影响非常深远。《老子》该句和《韩非子》《盐铁论》解读《老子》该句所用战马的差异,不仅反映了道法儒三家对“天下无道”认识的细微区别,而且有助于揭示从战国晚期至西汉中期“天下无道”观的演变。《解老》之成文可定在战国晚期,出自韩非的可能性较大;《老子》该句的成文要比《解老》早但比郭店简《老子》晚。

The original meaning of “The Military Horses were born in the suburbs”is that the Military Horses appeared in the suburbs of the capital.It is difficult to establish the same meaning of“zima”and“jiang horses”in Jie Lao of Han Fei Zi.The words of“zipin”in Wei Tong of Yan Tie Luninherit the idea of Lao Zi and Han Feizi and add new content to the interpretation of Lao Zi,it reflects the further construction of Confucian ideology in Zhao-Xuan Emperor period,so it has a far-reaching influence on the interpretation of Lao Zi by confucians since Han Dynasty.The difference between the sentence of Lao Zi and the relevant sentence of Han Feizi and Yan Tie lun in interpreting the sentence of Lao Zi not only reflects the subtle differences in the understanding of“No way under heaven”among the Taoist,legalist and Confucian schools,but also it helps to reveal the evolution of the view of“No way under heaven”from the late Warring States period to the Middle Western Han Dynasty.The writing of Jie Lao can be fixed in the late Warring States period,and it is more likely to be written by Han Feizi;the writing of this sentence of Lao Zi is earlier than Jie Lao but later than Jie Lao of Guo Dian Bamboo slips.