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明代西北水利议兴起与搁置的原因探析

An Analysis of the Causes of the Rise and Shelving of Water Conservancy Conference in Northwest of Ming Dynasty
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摘要 为缓解南粮北运的尖锐矛盾,明人多次上奏建议兴修西北水利,但都未能实行,对其兴起与搁置原因的探讨显得十分必要。西北水利议的兴起除了缓解南粮北运矛盾的现实原因之外,还在于西北地区的自然社会背景。首先,干旱的环境和频发的自然灾害是西北地区长期存在并难以克服的自然问题,其所导致的流民问题又往往相伴而生,进而形成严重的社会问题。同时,元代西北水利建设思想和实践也为明代西北水利议的兴起提供了历史借鉴。而明代西北水利议触及了当时官僚大地主的既得利益,遭到了宦官、勋戚的反对,最终未能付诸实行。研究其兴起与搁置缘由,对研究西北水利建设实有裨益。 In order to alleviate the sharp contradiction of the transport of grain from the south to the north,the Ming proposed to build the northwest water conservancy repeatedly,but faile to implement.It is necessary to discuss the reasons for its rise and shelving.The rise of the northwest water conservancy conference not only because of the practical reasons to alleviates the contradiction between the grain transportation from the south and north,but also lies in the natural and social background of the northwest region.First of all,the arid environment and the frequent natural disasters in Northwest are the natural problems that exist for a long time and difficult to overcome.It's often accompanied by the problem of migrants,and the form serious social problems.At the same time,the thought and practice of northwest water conservancy construction in Yuan Dynasty also provided historical reference for the rise of northwest water conservancy conference in Ming Dynasty.However,the Northwest Water Conservancy Conference of the Ming Dynasty infringed the immediate interests of the bureaucratic landlords,thereby it was opposed by the Eunuch and Clans,and finally failed to be put into practice.The study of the reasons of its rise and shelving is beneficial to the study of northwest water conservancy construction.
作者 陈继鹏 卫丽 Chen Jipeng;Wei Li(China Agricultural History and Culture Research Center,Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University,Key Laboratory of Traditional Agricultural Heritage,Ministry of Agriculture,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100)
出处 《古今农业》 2022年第3期39-46,136,共9页 Ancient and Modern Agriculture
基金 教育部人文社科项目(项目编号:20XJC770004) 中国社会科学院中国历史研究院创新工程重大科研项目(项目编号:skyzd201912)
关键词 明代 西北水利议 干旱 自然灾害 流民 庄田 The Ming dynasty Northwest Water Conservancy Conference The drought Natural disasters Refugees Zhuangtian
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