元宇宙教育应用的国际镜鉴:进展、趋势与挑战

International Research Progress, Trends and Challenges of Metaverse in Education

元宇宙最早源于科幻,但在技术的不断赋能下逐步照进现实。当前元宇宙领域的突破性进展集中体现在“以区块链驱动元宇宙”发展上,并受到各国政府和各个领域的高度关注。国际上对元宇宙的认识主要有“Web3.0技术观”“终极游戏观”“虚拟现实观”“虚拟世界观”和“虚实融合观”等5种代表性观点。元宇宙教育应用经历了三维虚拟世界、在线虚拟世界和链上虚拟世界三个演进阶段,主要应用于虚拟世界、镜像世界、增强现实和生活记录等四大情景。国际上已形成将元宇宙作为学习平台、沉浸课程、虚拟学校、孪生校园和开放大学等5种教育应用模式,有助于整体提升学校教育治理水平,增强优质教育资源有效供给,为教育资源的确权和验证提供保障,以及切实提升学习者的临场学习体验。元宇宙教育应用在我国虽然已取得初步成果,但仍然需要克服应用落地、学习机制、教育风险、算力需求等方面的挑战。

The metaverse first originated from science fiction, and it has gradually become reality with the continuous empowerment of technology. Driving the metaverse with blockchain is a breakthrough in the current metaverse field. Internationally, metaverse are regards from the perspectives of Web 3.0 technology, ultimate game, virtual reality,virtual world, and the fusion of virtual and physical worlds. Metaverse in education has evolved through three stages: 3D virtual world, online virtual world and blockchain-based virtual world, mainly applied in four scenarios such as the virtual world, the mirror world, the augmented reality and the lifelogging. The international application modes of metaverse in education include learning platform, immersion courses, virtual schools, digital twin campuses and open universities,which contributes to the upgrades of educational management and educational resource supply, in order to guarantee the copyright protection and improve learning experience. Although the application of metaverse in education of China has achieved initial results, it still faces many challenges such as practical application, internal learning mechanism,educational risks, and the demand for computing power.