Numerical Model of Thermal Responses in Human Skin under Low-Level Radiant Exposure

For improving the evaluative accuracy of thermal protective clothing performance,the estimated methods of thermal response of skin and the human body were comprehensively described and analyzed.This study reviewed the one-dimensional(1D)and multi-dimensional heat transfer models of the skin heat transfer model,including the corresponding heat and moisture transfer.Further,it investigated the influence of moisture transfer in vivo heat transfer.Moreover,the thermo-physiological model with active regulation was analyzed,especially in the local extremes,such as fingers and toes.Additionally,future research trends are discussed in estimating thermal protective performance.In developing the thermal protective model,it is essential to consider the geometric structure,local heat thermoregulation of extremities,and mass transfer inside the skin.