中老年人孤独感相关影响因素研究——以大连城市社区为例

Study on the Related Factors of Loneliness of Middle-Aged and Elderly People:A Case Study of Dalian Urban Community

为了解大连城市社区中老年人的孤独感现状及相关影响因素,采用UCLA孤独感量表对大连市市内四区中老年人进行随机抽样调查,采用t检验、方差分析、多重线性回归统计方法对调查结果进行数据分析。研究发现,孤独感总体均分为45.33±8.67(Ⅱ级孤独),49.1%中老年人孤独感体验明显(Ⅱ级孤独);36.3%中老年人具有较强烈孤独体验(Ⅲ级孤独);14.6%中老年人轻微孤独体验(Ⅰ级孤独);孤独感与职业、养老经济来源、月收入、共居状况、自理状况、子女数、与子女亲密度、婚姻状况显著相关。其中,养老经济来源、自理状况等为影响孤独感的重要因素。应大力增强城市社区社会支持,如保障养老经济来源,促进中老年人陪伴服务产业发展,增强中老年人心理健康。

In order to understand the status quo and related factors of loneliness among the middle-aged and elderly in Dalian urban communities,UCLA loneliness scale was used to conduct a random sampling survey of the middle-aged and elderly in four districts of Dalian,and T-test,analysis of variance,correlation analysis and multiple linear regression statistical methods were used to analyze the results of the survey.The results showed that the overall loneliness was 45.33±8.67(grade Ⅱ loneliness),and 49.1% of middle-aged and elderly people experienced significant loneliness(Grade Ⅱ loneliness).36.3% of middle-aged and elderly people have strong loneliness experience(grade Ⅲ loneliness);14.6% experienced mild loneliness(grade Ⅰ loneliness);loneliness is significantly correlated with different occupation,pension income,monthly income,cohabitation status,self-care status,number of children,degree of affinity with children and marital status.Among them,old-age financial source and self-care status were the important factors affecting loneliness.Social support should be strengthened in urban communities,such as ensuring financial resources for the elderly,promoting the development of the company service industry for the middle-aged and elderly,and enhancing their mental health.