南水北调中线工程水源地生态补偿核算与可持续发展评价——以安康市为例

Ecological Compensation Accounting and Sustainable Development Evaluation of Water Source Area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project:A Case Study of Ankang

为缓解水源区与受水区利益分配不均的矛盾,促进水源区生态—经济—社会协调、健康、持续发展,在南水北调中线工程水源区安康市采用生态系统服务价值(ESV)法、比例法、总成本法和水资源价值法核算生态补偿价值,采用熵权—耦合协调度模型对生态—社会—经济复合系统的可持续发展能力进行评价。结果表明:(1)基于ESV补偿量875.24亿元,基于受水区经济可承受能力补偿量233.53亿元,基于水源区生态保护成本补偿量163.29亿元,基于水资源市场价值补偿量65.03亿元。(2)安康市2010—2020年生态—经济—社会子系统评价指数和耦合度均以2015年为节点,在2010—2015年呈下降趋势,2015年后呈上升趋势;2011—2015年处于过渡阶段,2016年开始处于协调阶段,发展向好。(3)综合考虑水源区和受水区双方的利益,建议以水源区涵养和生态保护成本与水资源价值均值114.16亿元作为补偿下限,以激励水源区保护生态环境的积极性,持续稳定地保障水量和水质;受水区经济可承受能力和ESV均值554.39亿元作为补偿上限,促使水源区生态—经济—社会系统更协调、健康、可持续发展。

In order to alleviate the contradiction of uneven distribution of interests between the water source area and the water receiving area,and promote the coordinated,healthy and sustainable development of ecology,economy and society in the water source area of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project-Ankang,ecosystem service value(ESV)method,proportion method,total cost method and water resource value method were used to calculate the ecological compensation value,the entropy weight coupling coordination degree model was used to evaluate the sustainable development ability of the ecological social economic composite system.The results showed that:(1)The compensation amount based on ESV was 875.24 billion yuan,the compensation amount based on the economic affordability of the water receiving area was 233.53 billion yuan,the compensation amount based on the ecological protection cost of the water source area was 163.29 billion yuan,and the compensation amount based on the market value of water resources was 65.03 billion yuan.(2)Taking 2015 as the node,the evaluation index and coupling degree of ecological economic social subsystem in Ankang from 2010 to 2020 showed a downward trend from 2010 to 2015,and an upward trend after 2015;From 2011 to 2015,it was in the transitional stage,and from 2016,it was in the coordination stage,tending to good development.(3)Considering the interests of both the source area and the receiving area,it was suggested that the lower limit of compensation should be taken as the average value of 114.16 billion yuan for the conservation and protection cost of the source area and the value of water resources,so as to stimulate the initiative of protecting the ecological environment in the source area,and ensure the water quantity and quality continuously and stably;The economic bearing capacity of the receiving area and the value of ESV average 554.39 billion yuan as the upper limit of compensation,which makes the ecological-economic-social system in the water source area more harmonious,healthy and sustainable development.