从官民博弈到移风易俗:晚清大冶绥民策略研究

Study on the Appeasement Strategy in Daye-District in the Late Qing Dynasty:from the Game between Officials and the People to Customs-Changing

“盖机器为实业之母,无钢铁即不能造。”大冶铁矿作为汉冶萍公司的主要原料供应地,在其勘探与开采之初,对大冶地方经济与社会控制造成冲击,导致当地自然经济逐渐走向瓦解。同时,大冶自我标榜的官员形象与地方崇佛信仰也为张之洞、李增荣等官僚利用和转化,使得民众屈服于大冶矿务运作之下,民间反对之声遂趋于消歇。但随着铁矿经营不善、下吏阳奉阴违等积弊的暴露,官府为维持大冶“至经久之计”,故又改为官督商办的形式以攫取利润,此亦改变了大冶民众的生存方式。大冶铁矿适时而变的绥民策略成为19世纪末国家意志管控地方社会的政策缩影。

“The cover machine is the mother of industry.It can’t be built without steel.”Daye Iron Mine,as the main raw material supply of Han Ye-ping Company,at the beginning of its exploration and mining,had an impact on the local economic and social control of Daye,and then the farming structure in the county began to disintegrate.At the same time,the image of Daye officials and their local beliefs in worshipping Buddhism have also been exploited and transformed by local bureaucrats such as Zhang Zhidong and Li Zengrong,who are dominated by the will of the country to“seeking wealth”,causing the people to succumb to the operation of Daye Mining,so that there is a growing opposition.However,due to the exposure of accumulated malpractices such as insufficient income and poor management and illegality due to the increase in the operating cost of iron ore,in order to maintain the“long-lasting plan”of Daye,it is easy for the government to set up a working system for officials to supervise and commercial offices to grab profits,which has also changed the way of survival of the people in Daye.The timely appeasement strategy of Daye Iron Mine here has become the epitome of the state’s will to control local society at the end of the 19th century.