屏边空竹分布区海拔上下边界的土壤真菌群落特征

Soil fungal community characteristics at the upper and lower altitudinal range limits of Cephalostachyum pingbianense

物种地理分布边界的形成一直是进化生物学中的一个重要课题。植物分布区边界如何影响土壤微生物尚不清楚。屏边空竹(Cephalostachyum pingbianense)是目前已知唯一能够在自然条件下四季出笋的珍稀竹种,仅分布于中国云南东南部,对研究竹类中的狭域分布种具有重要意义。为探究土壤真菌群落与屏边空竹分布边界间的联系,该研究测定了屏边空竹分布中心、分布边界以及分布区外的土壤理化性质,并利用基于真菌内转录间隔区(ITS)序列的Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术分析土壤真菌群落变化。主要结果:1)屏边空竹分布边界处土壤pH与速效磷含量显著低于其他位点。2)在分布中心,土壤真菌物种多样性最高,被孢霉属(Moritierella)相对多度显著高于其他位点;在分布边界处,土壤真菌物种多样性最低,担子菌门相对多度大于65.0%。3)土壤pH是驱动真菌群落变异的关键因素,与外生菌根真菌的相对多度负相关,与腐生真菌的相对多度正相关。综上,土壤酸化与磷缺乏可能是控制屏边空竹分布区域的重要土壤属性。土壤中的被孢霉具有溶解磷、缓解土壤酸化等功能,可能是屏边空竹重要的互利共生菌。

Aims The formation of the geographical range boundary of species has always been an important topic in evolutionary biology. Although plant-microbe interactions have been extensively studied, we have a poor understanding of how plant’s geographic range limits affect soil microorganisms. Cephalostachyum pingbianense is a rare bamboo species documented that produces bamboo shoots all year round in the wild, and is endemic to southeast Yunnan Province, China. The species is of great significance to study narrow endemic species in Bambusoideae. Here, we aim to reveal the relationship between the range limits of C. pingbianense and soil fungal community.Methods We assayed soil physical and chemical properties at the center, edge and beyond the range of C.pingbianense, and changes of fungal community were analyzed by means of Internal Transcribed Spacer(ITS)sequence based Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing techniques.Important findings(1) Soil pH and available phosphorus content at the range edges was significantly lower than other sites.(2) At the range center, species diversity of soil fungi was the highest, and relative abundance of Mortierella was significantly higher than other sites. At the range edges, species diversity of soil fungi was the lowest, and relative abundance of Basidiomycota was greater than 65.0%.(3) Soil pH played a crucial role in driving the variation of fungal community, which was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi, and positively correlated with the relative abundance of saprophytic fungi. Soil acidification and phosphorus deficiency may be important soil properties controlling the distribution range of C.pingbianense. Mortierella may be important mutualists of C. pingbianense, which can desorb phosphorus from soil minerals and reduce acidification of soil.