冯友兰天人关系论与生态美学

Feng Youlan’s Theory on the Relationship Between Heaven and Man and Ecological Aesthetics

冯友兰对生态美学资源的重新发掘与研究,为新一代“新儒家”实现儒家的生态主义转向奠定了基础。冯友兰的生态美学思想以儒家的“天人关系”为依据,呈现为人和宇宙的统一、人和自然的和谐以及人生的“四种境界”等三方面的意义指向。这其中,天人合一的思想前提是贯穿始终的。冯友兰论述的相关概念和范畴如天、天人关系、天人合一、宇宙、自然等,核心要义如大全、道、自然等,均与生态美学的关键词和谐、整体、共生等相呼应。这其中涉及中西理论方法的互鉴,给予当下哲学美学话语体系建构以重要启示,而生态价值、审美价值与伦理价值的厘清,以及超越自然的生态美学界定,则是生态美学带给冯友兰哲学美学的当代视角。

Feng Youlan’s re-exploration and study of ecological aesthetic resources has laid a foundation for the new generation of new Confucianism to realize the ecological turn of Confucianism. Feng Youlan’s ecological aesthetics is based on the Confucian “relationship between heaven and man”, which presents three directions: the unity of man and the universe, man and nature, and four realms. Among them, the ideological premise of the unity of heaven and man runs through the whole process. The related concepts and categories discussed by Feng Youlan, such as heaven, the relationship between heaven and man, the unity of heaven and man, the universe, nature, etc., and the core concepts of Daquan, Tao, nature, etc., all echo the key words of ecological aesthetics, such as harmony, integrity, and symbiosis, etc. This involves the mutual learning between Chinese and western theories and methods, which is an important enlightenment to construct the discourse system of contemporary philosophy and aesthetics. The clarification of ecological value, aesthetic value and ethical value, as well as the definition of ecological aesthetics beyond nature, are the contemporary perspectives that ecological aesthetics brings to Feng Youlan’s philosophical aesthetics.