海草抗氧化系统及其对逆境胁迫的响应特征

Research progress on the antioxidant system of seagrass and its response to stress

海草具有独特的进化地位和重要的生态价值,广泛分布于潮间带和潮下带浅海海域,易遭受多种环境因子变化的威胁,抗氧化系统在海草抵御逆境胁迫的过程中具有非常重要的作用。本文综述了海草抗氧化系统的组成、特征及其对主要逆境胁迫的响应特征研究进展,阐述了海草主要酶促抗氧化机制,并将北半球代表性海草物种——鳗草抗氧化系统相关酶基因归类分析。目前对于海草逆境胁迫的研究主要集中于单一胁迫下主要抗氧化酶(如SOD、CAT、GST)及其转录组的变化,对于多胁迫因子协同作用和非酶抗氧化物及其他抗氧化酶的响应特征研究较少;另外对于逆境胁迫下不同海草种类间抗氧化系统和关键基因的响应差异也有待深入研究。

Seagrass has a unique evolutionary status and important ecological value.It is widely distributed in the intertidal and infralittoral zones of littoral waters.Seagrass is often threatened by a variety of environmental stress-ors.The seagrass antioxidant system plays a very important role in the tolerance to abiotic stress.This study re-views the composition and characteristics of the antioxidant system of seagrass and its response to stress.Moreover,the major enzymatic antioxidation mechanisms of Zostera marina,a representative seaweed species in the Northern Hemisphere,were elaborated and genes of antioxidation enzymes were classified and analyzed.Current research on stress in seagrass has concentrated on changes in major antioxidases(e.g.,superoxide dismutase,catalase,and glu-tathione S-transferase)and the relevant transcriptomes under a single stressor.However,few studies have consid-ered the response to multiple stressors and non-enzymatic antioxidants as well as the responses of other antioxidant enzymes.Besides,there is a great research gap in antioxidant systems and key genes among different seagrass spe-cies under adversity stress.