面向生态文明的国土空间规划价值重构思辨

Value Reconstruction of Territorial Spatial Planning for Eco-civilization

国土空间规划是现代国家实施国土空间治理的重要工具,本质上是为实现特定意识形态下的战略意图而进行的理性设计,具有特定的价值导向。文章通过分析认为,工业文明时代的国土空间规划大多是满足资本增殖需求,面向交换价值而非使用价值的空间生产,由此形成了工业化大生产与自然生态系统之间难以缓和的基本矛盾,造成了空间发展不平衡,制约了人民群众幸福感提升。生态文明时代追求人与自然的生态公正、人与人的社会公正,需要将促进人与自然和谐共生、缩小地区发展差距、实现“人民普遍幸福”和“共同富裕”作为国土空间规划追求的目标,从重视价值的“普遍性/整体性”与“多元性/异质性”的辩证统一、价值的尺度转化与价值传导、价值的情境化和人的尺度等方面建构生态文明时代国土空间规划的价值导向,从意识形态性、价值理性、工具理性、功能性等层级实现国土空间规划价值导向的尺度转化、层级传导和和落地实施。

Territorial spatial planning is an important tool for modern countries to impose spatial governance.In essence, territory spatial planning is a rational design to realize the strategic intention under a specific ideology,which has a specific value orientation under different social production relations. Through an analysis, this paper holds that the territorial spatial planning in the industrial civilization era mainly serves the space production of exchange value rather than use value, thus forming the basic contradiction between capitalist production and the natural ecosystem that is difficult to alleviate, and restricting the improvement of people’s happiness. The territorial spatial planning in the ecocivilization era needs to establish a new value orientation,pursue ecological justice between humans and nature,and social justice between people. It should promote the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature,and take "people’s general happiness" and "common prosperity" as the goal of territory development. From the perspectives of emphasizing the dialectical unity between the "universality/integrity" and "diversity/heterogeneity",the transformation of value scale and the value transmission, value contextualization and human scale, it constructs the value orientation of territorial spatial planning in the eco-civilization era. It achieves the scale transformation,hierarchical transmission and implementation of the value orientation of territory spatial planning from the aspects of ideology, value rationality, instrumental rationality and functionality.