中国土地要素回报率的测算

Measurement of Return to Land in China

土地作为重要的生产要素,是进行物质生产所必备的社会资源,测算土地回报率有助于优化要素配置。文章运用回报率的测算方法对中国各省份第二、三产业用地的回报率进行测算,并从时间、空间、产业三个方面对土地回报率进行比较分析。结果表明:(1)中国土地回报率整体呈现显著增长趋势,在空间分布上存在显著的区域差异性。(2)依据土地回报率水平及其增长率两个维度,将30个省(区、市)划分为“高土地回报率—高增长率型”“高土地回报率—低增长率型”“低土地回报率—高增长率型”“低土地回报率—低增长率型”四种类型模式。(3)从产业来看,第三产业土地回报率显著高于第二产业,其差距呈现“先增大后减小”的趋势。除“低土地回报率—低增长率型”模式外,第二、三产业土地回报率均呈现上升趋势。(4)土地回报率的地区差异整体呈现“L型”下跌趋势,自2006年以后,土地回报率Theil系数基本稳定在17.85左右。其中,东北综合经济区、大西北综合经济区内部差异贡献最大。

As an important factor of production, land is the necessary social resource for material production, and the measurement of return to land helps optimize factor allocation. Applying the return to input factors approach,this study estimates the returns to land for secondary and tertiary industries at the provincial level in China, and analyzes their characteristics under three aspects: time,space,and industry. The four main conclusions are as follows. First,the return to land at the provincial level in China shows a significant growth trend overall,with significant regional variability in spatial distribution. Second, the 30 provinces and municipalities are classified into four model types: "high land return-high growth rate", "high land return-low growth rate", "low land return-high growth rate", and "low land return-low growth rate" based on two dimensions: the level of land return and its growth rate. Third,in terms of industry,the return to land in the tertiary sector is higher,and the gap between industries tends to increase first and then decrease. Except for the "low land return-low growth rate" model,the return to land of the secondary and tertiary industries in other models shows an increasing trend. Fourth,the regional differences in the return to land show an overall L-shaped downward trend,with the Theil index stable at about 17.85 since 2006. The greatest contribution of variation within the Northeast Comprehensive Economic Area and the Greater Northwest Comprehensive Economic Area.