保障性住房用地配置的空间格局及影响因素——基于省、市、县三级空间错配视角

Spatial Pattern and Influencing Factors of Affordable Housing Land Allocation:Based on the Perspective of Spatial Mismatch among Provinces,Cities and Counties

探究保障性住房用地的空间格局,理解各级政府的配置逻辑,有助于实现保障性住房用地的优化配置,加快推动区域基本公共服务均等化。基于中国土地市场网的保障性住房用地信息,利用核密度方法和计量经济模型等,研究我国省域、市域和县域间的保障性住房用地配置格局,比较分析各层级保障性住房用地空间错配的影响因素。结果表明:(1)保障性住房用地配置格局在各层级之间均表现出较强的空间分异性,密集分布与零散分布态势明显。(2)各层级的保障性住房用地均存在一定程度的空间错配问题,过度错配与短缺错配并存,且与土地因素密切相关。(3)保障性住房用地空间错配的影响因素存在差异,省域间的保障性住房用地基本遵循降低成本的配置逻辑,但在市域和县域间,则同时受到土地约束和用地成本的影响,表现出较强的任务完成逻辑和降低成本逻辑。据此提出建议:合理评估保障性住房需求,精准配置保障性住房用地;优化地方政府监管考核制度,防范地方政府策略行为。

Exploring the spatial pattern of affordable housing land and understanding the allocation logic of multi-level governments can help promote the optimal land allocation and accelerate the equalization of regional basic public services. Based on the affordable housing land in China Land Market Network, this paper uses the kernel density and geographic detector model to study the spatial pattern of affordable housing land from the perspectives of the province,city and county levels in China and analyze the influencing factors of its spatial mismatch. The results show that: (1) The allocation pattern of affordable housing land shows strong spatial differentiation at all levels, and the dense distribution and scattered distribution are obvious. (2) There are spatial mismatches in the affordable housing land among all levels.Excessive and shortage mismatches coexist, and are closely related to land factors. (3) There are differences in the influencing factors of affordable housing land spatial mismatch. Affordable housing land basically follows the allocation logic of reducing costs among provinces. However, among cities and counties, it’s affected by land constraints and land cost at the same time,showing a strong logic of task completion and cost reduction. Accordingly,suggestions are given: It should reasonably evaluate the demand for affordable housing and accurately allocate land resource,the supervision and assessment system of local governments needs to be optimized to prevent the strategic behavior.