制备聚酰胺复合膜中界面聚合反应添加剂研究进展

Recent progress in additives in interfacial polymerization for the preparation of polyamide composite membrane

聚酰胺复合膜以其优良的稳定性及良好的分离选择性成为水处理和化工分离领域应用范围最广的分离材料之一。聚酰胺复合膜一般采用界面聚合法制备,由于界面聚合反应活性高、反应参数多,致使界面层结构难以控制,膜的渗透性或选择性不理想。因此,如何有效调控膜结构,实现膜的高渗透性或选择性是目前面临的重要挑战。近期诸多研究表明,在水相或有机相中引入添加剂可以改变油水界面张力进而调控单体界面扩散速率及界面分布,或通过改变反应机理影响聚合反应速率,最终实现对界面层结构和膜性能的调控。本文从添加剂种类、性质和调控作用等角度总结了近年来添加剂对复合膜结构及性能调控的研究进展,分析了现有研究存在的问题,并建议从微观层面探究界面过程的物理化学性质以及开发高时间分辨率原位表征方法等。

Polyamide composite membrane has become one of the most widely-used materials in the field of water treatment and chemical engineering separation due to its excellent stability and separation selectivity.Generally,polyamide composite membrane is fabricated by interfacial polymerization.Due to the high reactivity and numerous reaction parameters of interfacial polymerization,the structure of interfacial layer is difficult to control,and the permeability or selectivity of membrane is not satisfactory.Thus,it is a great challenge to regulate the structure of the membrane and achieve a membrane with high permeability or separation performance.Recent research indicates that addition of additives into the organic phase or aqueous phase solution is to change the interfacial tension.In this case,the monomer diffusion rate and the distribution can therefore be modified.The mechanism of the polymerization might be changed as well and the reaction rate can be regulated.Consequently,the structure of the interfacial layer and the performance of the membrane can be regulated.This review summarizes the recent progress from the perspective of the type,function and effect of additives.On the basis of recent research progress,it is suggested to explore the physicochemical properties of interfacial process at microscale and develop high time-resolution in-situ characterization methods.