日本选址优化规划中轨道交通车站地区的边界划定

Boundary Delimitation of Transit Station Area in Location Optimization Plan in Japan

在TOD规划中轨道交通车站地区的边界划定大多依据步行尺度形成圈层结构,原则性较强但缺少明确和直接的边界划线规则。日本兴起的选址优化规划为轨道交通车站地区的边界划定提出了更加精细化的技术方法。针对城市功能引导区域和居住引导区域的不同定位,梳理相应的影响要素。基于案例总结,以城市功能引导区域为重点,将边界划定方法总结为3个主要步骤:确定圈层范围,划定基本边界,调整局部边界。选址优化规划的边界划定工作本身作为规划设计的重要组成部分,充分体现了对轨道交通车站地区规划建设要求的思考,并融合了多方面的规划意图。对老龄化原则的融入、对边界划分依据的明确以及对正负影响因素的综合考虑等工作,使得轨道交通车站地区边界划定更加理性和具有针对性,从而进一步丰富了TOD规划的方法和内容。

In TOD planning,the boundaries of rail transit station areas are outlined in circles according to the walking tolerant distance.This way of marking boundaries is greatly based on design principles,with neither specific nor explicit rules.In Japan,an increasingly popular plan for facility location optimization puts forward more refined technical approaches to mark out the boundaries of rail transit station areas.This paper categorizes corresponding influencing factors regarding different orientations of urban function-oriented areas and residence-oriented areas.Based on the case summary and with urban function-oriented areas as the priority,the paper presents a method by which the site boundary can be marked out.The method mainly contains three steps:determining the scope of circles,marking specific boundaries,and adjusting local boundaries.As an important part of planning and design,boundary delineation work in the site selection optimization plan fully reflects planning and construction requirements in rail transit station areas.It also integrates multiple planning goals,laying a solid research foundation for future planning.Both the rationality and relevance of the boundary delineation of rail transit station areas are improved through the integration of the aging principle,clarification of specific boundary delineation bases and comprehensive consideration of positive and negative influencing factors,and other work.The paper can enrich the methods and content of TOD planning.