对阳明心学“心外无物”学说的过程哲学诠释

A Process Philosophical Interpretation of Yangmingism“Nothing Exists Outside the Mind”

阳明心学把陆九渊提出的“心即理”学说进一步扩充为“强形式”的“心外无物”学说,乃是以彻底的心物一元论为宇宙论和本体论基础,把宋明心学推向了彻底的经验论顶峰;“心外无物”所坚持的彻底经验主义认识论,既体现了彻底的主体性原则和主体间性原则,也坚持了能动的革命的反映论原则和“面向事物本身”的现象学方法的基本精神,在哲学倾向上同马克思的实践唯物主义哲学所秉持的实践论基本倾向是一致的。从怀特海过程哲学视域审视和诠释阳明心学的“心外无物”学说,不仅有助于澄清历史上对阳明心学的哲学性质和基本特征的各种曲解和不实之辞,而且有助于我们今天在传承中华优秀传统文化时真正贯彻“古为今用”的原则,有助于我们实现对中华传统优秀文化的创造性转化,以期为我们当今在中华大地上建设现代化强国和社会主义生态文明社会提供一定的理论借鉴和实践动力。

Wang Yangming’s(1472-1529)philosophy of the mind has expanded Lu Jiuyuan’s(1139-1193)theory of“heart as Li(an expression of the universal principle and order)”into a strong-form theory that holds“nothing exists outside the mind,”which takes the thorough monism of mind and matter as the cosmology and ontology foundation,and pushes the school of mind in the Song and Ming Dynasties to the peak of thorough empiricism.The thorough empirical epistemology adhered to by“nothing exists outside the mind”not only embodies the principles of thorough subjectivity and inter-subjectivity,but also adheres to the dynamic and revolutionary theory of reflection and the basic spirit of phenomenological method of“returning to the thing itself,”which,in its philosophical standpoint,is consistent with the basic orientation of practice theory held by Marx’s practical materialism.Examining and interpreting Yangming’s theory from the perspective of Whitehead’s process philosophy not only helps to clarify misinterpretations and false statements about the philosophical nature and basic characteristics of Yangming’s theory of mind in history,but also helps us to“make the past serve the present”when inheriting the fine traditional culture,and to realize the creative transformation of traditional culture.It could offer us both theoretical reference and practical impetus.