论40年来“中国现当代文学史”书写的四次转向

On the Four Turns in the Writing of“Chinese Modern and Contemporary Literature History”in the Past 40 Years

近40年来,中国现当代文学史书写的第一次转向,是文学史观转向,即“重写文学史”。新世纪前后,坊间出现了一批“个人化”的文学史,形成第二次转向,即“编纂方法转向”。第三次门类化转向,是“个人化”潮流发展的结果。如果把通史性的文学史称作“大文学史”的话,那么门类性的文学史可叫做“小文学史”。晚近以来,研究界又有新的动作,可以概括为史料化转向。中国现当代文学史由“大”而“小”,直至变“微”,使得每个人都获得了书写文学史的权利,“微文学史”在很长时段内,会是文学史书写的常态。

In the past 40 years,the first turn in the writing of the modern and contemporary literary history is the turn in the literary history view,i.e.,“the rewriting of literary history.”At the turn of the century,a number of“personalized”writings of literary history appeared,making the second turn,namely,“the compilation method turn.”The third turn,category turn,is the result of the trend of the“personalized”history.If the general history of literature is called“the big literary history,”the category literary history could be called“the small literary history.”In recent years,there has been a new movement in the study of modern and contemporary literary history,which can be generalized as the historical data turn.The turns in the writing of modern and contemporary literary history from“the big”to“the small,”and then to“the micro”put everyone in the position of writing the literary history.“The micro-history”will be prevailing in the writing of literary history in a long period of time.