从工业下乡到文化下乡——一种基于文化转型人类学视角的新观察

From Taking Industry to Taking Culture to the Rural Communities:A New Observation from the Perspective of Anthropological Cultural Transformation

费孝通曾提出从农业化到工业化再到信息化时代的乡村发展的“三级两跳”,这种变化的结果直接带来了更多文化意义的事项下到了乡村之中去,形成了一种文化下乡的新模式。这种文化下乡也正在进行之中。我们需要对这一文化下乡的发生其内在的维度和外在的维度进行全面的考察,并会特别关注于个人、社会与文化诸向度的改变所带来的乡村之中基于农业的文化转型。这一文化转型明显地是由网络世界所带来的对于文化的意义、价值和特征的改变。我们在这一转变的过程中注意了艺术的乡村介入,特别是注意到了作为文化下乡的艺术先行者以及勾连城乡互动关系的乡村旅游的新发展为乡村的文化下乡所带来的先在性的影响,这个影响将会在乡村振兴的乡村文化再造中发挥其独特性的作用。

Fei Xiaotong once put forward the“three stages and two leaps”of rural development from agriculture to the industrialization and then to the information age.As a result of this changing process,more cultural undertakings come to the villages.This is a new model of culture going to the rural communities,which is currently under way.We need to conduct a comprehensive investigation on the internal and external dimensions of this process,and pay special attention to the agriculture-based cultural transformation in the countryside brought about by the changes of individual,society and culture.This cultural transformation is evidently a change in the meaning,value and characteristics of culture effected by the cyber world.In the process of this transformation,we also notice the involvement of art in rural life,especially some artists,as the forerunner of art in rural areas,pioneer in taking culture to the rural communities,and the new development of rural tourism,which bridges rural-urban interaction.They have pre-existing influence on culture going to the rural communities.This influence will play a unique role in rural cultural reconstruction and rural revitalization.