《长江保护法》整体性保护规范检视——与利奥波德的生态整体主义相对照

Review of the overall protection norms of the Yangtze River Protection Law——Contrast with Leopold's ecological holism

中国第一部流域法《长江保护法》正式实施,综合性保护和整体性保护是其立法基点,体现了西方生态中心主义的整体保护主义原则。然而利奥波德提出的整体主义与《长江保护法》中贯彻的整体性保护存在质之不同。第一,前者是一种环境伦理观念,而后者是一种可实施的方法论手段;第二,前者诉诸非规范性的道德路径来实施,后者借助规范,具有明确指引且采取强制性措施去落实。《长江保护法》在实施过程中,应当接受利奥波德生态整体主义的启示,沿袭流域整体性保护的方法论,拓展自然主体的道德身份,推动长江流域整体性保护走向整体性美好。

China's first river basin law,the Yangtze River Protection Law,has been put into effect.The legislation is based on comprehensive protection and integral protection theory,which reflects the overall protectionist principle of western ecological centralism.However,Leopold's holisticism is different from the holistic protection carried out in the Yangtze River Protection Law.First,the former is an environmental ethics concept,while the latter is an imple⁃mentable methodological tool.Second,one is to resort to the moral path of non-normative,and the other,with the help of norms,has clear guidelines and takes coercive measures to implement.In the process of implementing the Yang⁃tze River Protection Law,it should accept the inspiration of Leopold's ecological holisticism,follow the methodology of holisticism to protect the basin,expand the ethical standing of biont,and promote the protection of the Yangtze Riv⁃er basin from holisticism towards better holisticism.