正念训练对孕产妇心理健康状况干预效果的研究进展

Research progress on the intervention effect of mindfulness-based interventions on mental health of women during pregnancy and childbirth

本文共纳入31篇正念训练干预孕产期女性心理健康状况的相关研究,包括20篇干预对照试验设计研究,11篇前后测非对照试验设计研究。通过梳理总结,有16篇文献评价了正念训练对孕产妇正念水平的干预效果,其中7篇非对照试验研究均显示干预后孕产妇的正念水平有显著提高,5篇对照试验研究显示干预组孕产妇正念水平显著高于对照组。有24篇研究评价了正念训练对孕产妇抑郁症状的有效性,其中8篇非对照试验研究均显示抑郁症状有显著改善,11篇对照试验研究显示抑郁症状显著缓解。有16篇研究评价了正念训练对孕产妇焦虑症状的有效性,其中7篇非对照研究显示孕产妇正念干预后的焦虑症状有显著改善,有6篇对照研究显示正念训练干预后孕产妇干预组的焦虑症状显著低于对照组。此外,部分研究还评价了正念训练对孕产妇自我效能感、自我关怀能力、生活满意度,以及分娩恐惧、压力和分娩疼痛的干预效果,结果显示正念训练可提高其自我效能感、自我关怀能力和生活满意度,缓解压力、分娩恐惧和分娩疼痛的负面影响。综上所述,正念训练可作为改善孕产期女性心理健康问题的一种有效干预方式。

A total of 31 related studies on mindfulness training intervention on the mental health of women during pregnancy and childbirth were selected, including 20 studies on the design of interventional controlled trials and 11 studies on the design of non-controlled trials with pre-and post-test.Through combing and summarizing, there were 16 studies evaluating the effect of mindfulness training on the mindfulness level of pregnant women.Among them, 7 non-controlled experimental studies showed that the mindfulness level of pregnant women was significantly improved after the intervention, and 5 controlled experimental studies showed that the mindfulness level of pregnant women in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group.There were 24 studies evaluating the effectiveness of mindfulness training on maternal depressive symptoms, 8 uncontrolled studies showed significant improvement in depressive symptoms, and 11 controlled studies showed significant improvement in depressive symptoms.There were 16 studies evaluating the effectiveness of mindfulness training on maternal anxiety symptoms, of which 7 uncontrolled studies showed significant improvement in maternal anxiety symptoms after mindfulness intervention, and 6 controlled studies showed that maternal anxiety symptoms in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group after mindfulness training intervention.In addition, some studies also evaluated the intervention effect of mindfulness training on maternal self-efficacy, self-care ability, life satisfaction, and labor fear, stress and labor pain.The results showed that mindfulness training could improve their self-efficacy, self-care ability and life satisfaction, and alleviate the negative effects of stress, labor fear and labor pain.Therefore, mindfulness training can be used as an effective intervention to improve mental health problems in women during pregnancy and childbirth.