低社会经济地位影响自我调节的神经机制

Neural mechanisms underlying the effect of low socioeconomic status on self-regulation

自我调节是个体为了实现目标并适应不断变化的环境而监控和调节自己的认知、情绪和行为的能力,在成就、人际交往和健康等各个领域发挥着作用,被视为是人类成功和幸福的关键。然而,大量研究发现个体的社会经济地位越低,自我调节能力越差。为了提高低社会经济地位者的自我调节能力,必须深入考察低社会经济地位影响自我调节的机制。神经科学为此提供了独特而重要的信息:低社会经济地位改变了背外侧前额叶皮层、扣带回、腹内侧前额叶、杏仁核、海马体、腹侧纹状体的结构和功能,进而影响了自我调节的各个成分(认知调节、情绪调节、行为调节)。未来研究除了对神经机制中每条因果链进行更严格地考察外,还应将神经生物学与发展心理学联系起来深入揭示不同发展阶段低社会经济地位对自我调节的独特影响机制,并关注低社会经济地位者在神经和行为层面特定反应的适应性,在此基础上开发出系统、持续、有效的干预方案。

Self-regulation is the ability to monitor and adjust one’s cognition,emotion,and behavior to adapt to the changing environment and achieve goals.It plays a role in achievement,interpersonal communication and health,which is regarded as the key to human success and happiness.However,many studies have found that low socioeconomic status has a significant negative impact on self-regulation.To promote the self-regulation ability of people living in low socioeconomic conditions,it is necessary to deeply understand the internal mechanism of low socioeconomic status affecting self-regulation.Neuroscience provides unique information:Low socioeconomic status changes the structure and function of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,cingulate gyrus,ventromedial prefrontal cortex,amygdala,hippocampus and ventral striatum,and then affects various components of self-regulation(cognitive regulation,emotional regulation and behavioral regulation).In addition to more rigorous investigation of each causal chain in the neural mechanism,future research should also connect neurobiology with developmental psychology to reveal the unique impact mechanism of low socioeconomic status on self-regulation at different stages,and develop a systematic,sustainable and effective intervention program.